Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2024 Apr 1;155(4):2482-2491. doi: 10.1121/10.0025539.
Despite a vast literature on how speech intelligibility is affected by hearing loss and advanced age, remarkably little is known about the perception of talker-related information in these populations. Here, we assessed the ability of listeners to detect whether a change in talker occurred while listening to and identifying sentence-length sequences of words. Participants were recruited in four groups that differed in their age (younger/older) and hearing status (normal/impaired). The task was conducted in quiet or in a background of same-sex two-talker speech babble. We found that age and hearing loss had detrimental effects on talker change detection, in addition to their expected effects on word recognition. We also found subtle differences in the effects of age and hearing loss for trials in which the talker changed vs trials in which the talker did not change. These findings suggest that part of the difficulty encountered by older listeners, and by listeners with hearing loss, when communicating in group situations, may be due to a reduced ability to identify and discriminate between the participants in the conversation.
尽管有大量文献研究了听力损失和年龄增长如何影响言语可懂度,但对于这些人群中说话人相关信息的感知却知之甚少。在这里,我们评估了听众在听和识别单词长句序列时,是否能察觉到说话人是否发生了变化。参与者分为四组,其年龄(年轻/年长)和听力状况(正常/受损)不同。该任务在安静或同性双说话人语音背景噪声下进行。我们发现,年龄和听力损失除了对单词识别有预期的影响外,还对说话人变化检测有不利影响。我们还发现,在说话人变化的试验与说话人不变的试验中,年龄和听力损失的影响存在细微差异。这些发现表明,在群体环境中交流时,老年听众和听力受损听众遇到的部分困难可能是由于他们识别和区分对话参与者的能力下降所致。