Iannotti Lora, Randrianarivony Tabita, Randrianasolo Armand, Rakotoarivony Fortunat, Andriamihajarivo Tefy, LaBrier Mia, Gyimah Emmanuel, Vie Sydney, Nunez-Garcia Andrea, Hart Robbie
E3 Nutrition Lab, Institute for Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States.
Missouri Botanical Garden, Madagascar Research and Conservation Program, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2024 Feb 13;8(4):102101. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102101. eCollection 2024 Apr.
Concurrent losses in biodiversity and human dietary diversity are evident in Madagascar and across many food systems globally. Wild food harvest can mitigate nutrition insecurities but may also pose species conservation concerns.
This study aimed to examine the association of wild plant and animal species consumption during hunger season with diet diversity and child growth near the Alandraza-Agnalavelo protected forest in Southwestern Madagascar. Second, we studied the conservation status of the consumed wild plants.
Methods from public health nutrition (24-h recall dietary intake, anthropometry using World Health Organization [WHO] Growth Standards), ethnobotany, and forest ecology (ecologic studies of abundance, habitat preference, associated species, food chemistry assays, and species richness) were applied.
Malnutrition in children ( 305) was highly prevalent: stunting (32.3%); wasting (18.8%); and low-dietary diversity (4% meeting WHO minimum dietary diversity threshold). Animal foods were consumed in small quantities, providing <10% of Dietary Reference Intakes for all limiting nutrients. Twenty-two wild plant species were consumed during hunger season, prominently tubers (), and leafy greens ( and ). Eight of the 9 target species were identified as abundant and "Least Concern," whereas was abundant and "Vulnerable." Regression modeling showed wild food consumption was associated with an increased household dietary diversity score [ = 0.29 (0.06 standard error); < 0.001], and total wild animal foods positively correlated with height-for-age score [ = 0.14 (0.07 standard error); = 0.04].
Wild plant and animal foods may be an important element of food systems to support human nutrition while maintaining ecosystem viability.
生物多样性丧失与人类饮食多样性下降在马达加斯加以及全球许多食物系统中都很明显。野生食物采集可以缓解营养不安全状况，但也可能引发物种保护问题。
本研究旨在探讨马达加斯加西南部阿兰德拉扎 - 阿尼亚拉韦洛保护森林附近饥饿季节食用野生植物和动物物种与饮食多样性及儿童生长之间的关联。其次，我们研究了所食用野生植物的保护状况。
应用了公共卫生营养方法（24小时回顾膳食摄入量、使用世界卫生组织[WHO]生长标准进行人体测量）、民族植物学以及森林生态学方法（对丰度、栖息地偏好、伴生物种、食物化学分析和物种丰富度进行生态学研究）。
儿童（n = 305）营养不良情况极为普遍：发育迟缓（32.3%）；消瘦（18.8%）；饮食多样性低（4%达到WHO最低饮食多样性阈值）。动物食品摄入量少，所有限制性营养素的摄入量均低于膳食参考摄入量的10%。饥饿季节食用了22种野生植物物种，主要是块茎（）、绿叶蔬菜（和）。9种目标物种中有8种被确定为数量丰富且“无危”，而 数量丰富但“易危”。回归模型显示，食用野生食物与家庭饮食多样性得分增加相关[β = 0.29（标准误0.06）；P < 0.001]，野生动物食品总量与年龄别身高Z得分呈正相关[β = 0.14（标准误0.07）；P = 0.04]。
野生植物和动物食品可能是食物系统中的重要组成部分，有助于支持人类营养，同时维持生态系统的活力。
