WorldFish, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia.
Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Matern Child Nutr. 2021 Oct;17(4):e13192. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13192. Epub 2021 May 4.
Inadequate nutrient intakes are prevalent among many populations in sub-Saharan Africa and increasing fish consumption among pregnant/lactating women and children is one strategy to improve diets and address nutrient deficiencies. We report the nutrient content of two fish-based recipes-fish powder and fish chutney-that contain dried small fish available in local markets in Zambia. The contribution of a serving of each recipe to the recommended daily intakes of iron, zinc, calcium and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for pregnant/lactating women and children 6-24 months was calculated because these nutrients are commonly deficient in African diets. We found that one 10-g serving of fish powder provides 20% or more of the daily calcium recommendation and 37% or more of the daily DHA recommendation for both pregnant/lactating women and children. A 30-g serving of fish chutney provides over 40% of the daily calcium recommendation for pregnant women and over 50% for lactating women. Additionally, we investigated the nutrient density (nutrients per kilocalorie) of the fish powder and compared it with the nutrient density of a small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement plus (SQ-LNS-plus). SQ-LNS-plus is designed to enhance children's diets by providing micronutrients and DHA. Fish powder is similar to SQ-LNS-plus in iron and zinc density and even higher in calcium and DHA density. Consuming dried small fish as part of a daily meal can be a viable strategy for combatting nutrient deficiencies in the first 1000 days.
在撒哈拉以南非洲的许多人群中，营养摄入不足普遍存在，增加孕妇/哺乳期妇女和儿童的鱼类消费是改善饮食和解决营养缺乏的策略之一。我们报告了两种基于鱼类的食谱——鱼粉和鱼酱——的营养成分，这些食谱中含有当地市场上可买到的干小鱼。计算了每份食谱对孕妇/哺乳期妇女和 6-24 个月大儿童的铁、锌、钙和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）日常推荐摄入量的贡献，因为这些营养素在非洲饮食中通常缺乏。我们发现，一份 10 克的鱼粉提供了 20%或更多的每日钙推荐量，以及 37%或更多的每日 DHA 推荐量，适用于孕妇和哺乳期妇女。30 克的鱼酱为孕妇提供了超过 40%的每日钙推荐量，为哺乳期妇女提供了超过 50%的钙推荐量。此外，我们还研究了鱼粉的营养密度（每千卡的营养成分），并将其与小剂量脂质基础营养补充剂加（SQ-LNS-plus）的营养密度进行了比较。SQ-LNS-plus 的设计目的是通过提供微量营养素和 DHA 来增强儿童的饮食。鱼粉在铁和锌密度上与 SQ-LNS-plus 相似，在钙和 DHA 密度上甚至更高。在头 1000 天内，将干小鱼作为日常膳食的一部分，可以成为一种可行的策略来对抗营养缺乏。
