Furgier Valentin, Root Andrew, Heinmaa Ivo, Zamani Akram, Åkesson Dan
Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden.
MagSol, Tuhkanummenkuja 2, 00970 Helsinki, Finland.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Feb 5;17(3):768. doi: 10.3390/ma17030768.
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a biobased and biodegradable polymer. This polymer is considered promising, but it is also rather expensive. The objective of this study was to compound PHBV with three different organic fillers considered waste: human hair waste (HHW), sawdust (SD) and chitin from shrimp shells. Thus, the cost of the biopolymer is reduced, and, at the same time, waste materials are valorised into something useful. The composites prepared were characterised by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile strength and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). Tests showed that chitin and HHW did not have a reinforcing effect on tensile strength while the SD increased the tensile strength at break to a certain degree. The biodegradation of the different composites was evaluated by a soil burial test for five months. The gravimetric test showed that neat PHBV was moderately degraded (about 5% weight loss) while reinforcing the polymer with organic waste clearly improved the biodegradation. The strongest biodegradation was achieved when the biopolymer was compounded with HHW (35% weight loss). The strong biodegradation of HHW was further demonstrated by characterisation by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Characterisation by SEM showed that the surfaces of the biodegraded samples were eroded.
聚（3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯）（PHBV）是一种生物基且可生物降解的聚合物。这种聚合物被认为很有前景，但价格也相当昂贵。本研究的目的是将PHBV与三种被视为废弃物的不同有机填料进行复合：人发废弃物（HHW）、锯末（SD）和虾壳中的几丁质。这样一来，生物聚合物的成本得以降低，同时，废料也被转化为有用之物。所制备的复合材料通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）、热重分析（TGA）、拉伸强度和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行表征。测试表明，几丁质和HHW对拉伸强度没有增强作用，而SD在一定程度上提高了断裂拉伸强度。通过为期五个月的土壤掩埋试验对不同复合材料的生物降解性进行了评估。重量测试表明，纯PHBV有适度降解（约5%重量损失），而用有机废料增强聚合物则明显改善了生物降解性。当生物聚合物与HHW复合时，实现了最强的生物降解（35%重量损失）。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和固态核磁共振（NMR）表征进一步证明了HHW的强生物降解性。SEM表征表明，生物降解样品的表面被侵蚀。
