Instituto de Pesquisa do Hcor, São Paulo, SP - Brasil.
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná - Escola de Medicina Câmpus Londrina, Londrina, PR - Brasil.
Arq Bras Cardiol. 2024 Apr 5;121(3):e20230487. doi: 10.36660/abc.20230487. eCollection 2024.
Adhering to a diet adequate in macronutrients is crucial for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
To assess the prevalence of adherence to recommendations for the consumption of dietary fatty acids for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and to estimate whether the presence of certain cardiovascular risk factors would be associated with adherence.
Cross-sectional study using baseline data from 2,358 participants included in the "Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial". Dietary intake and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed. Adequate intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was considered as ≥10% of total daily energy intake; for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 20%; and for saturated fatty acids (SFA), <7% according to the Brazilian Society of Cardiology. A significance level of 5% was considered in the statistical analysis.
No participant adhered to all recommendations simultaneously, and more than half (1,482 [62.9%]) did not adhere to any recommendation. Adherence exclusively to the SFA recommendation was the most prevalent, fulfilled by 659 (28%) participants, followed by adherence exclusively to the PUFA (178 [7.6%]) and MUFA (5 [0.2%]) recommendations. There was no association between the number of comorbidities and adherence to nutritional recommendations (p = 0.269). Participants from the Brazilian Northeast region showed a higher proportion of adherence to SFA consumption recommendations (38.42%) and lower adherence to PUFA intake (3.52%) (p <0.001) compared to other regions.
Among the evaluated sample, there was low adherence to nutritional recommendations for dietary fatty acid consumption.
坚持摄入充足的宏量营养素对于心血管疾病的二级预防至关重要。
评估遵循饮食脂肪酸摄入建议以预防和治疗心血管疾病的流行情况，并评估某些心血管风险因素的存在是否与遵循这些建议相关。
本研究采用“巴西心脏保护营养计划试验”的基线数据进行横断面研究。评估了饮食摄入和心血管风险因素。多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的充足摄入量被认为是占总每日能量摄入的 10％以上；单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）为 20％；饱和脂肪酸（SFA）则为根据巴西心脏病学会的建议，摄入量应<7％。统计分析的显著性水平为 5％。
没有参与者同时遵循所有建议，超过一半（1,482 [62.9％]）的参与者没有遵循任何建议。仅遵守 SFA 建议的情况最为普遍，有 659 名（28％）参与者符合该建议，其次是仅遵守 PUFA（178 [7.6％]）和 MUFA（5 [0.2％]）建议。合并症数量与营养建议的遵守情况之间没有关联（p = 0.269）。与其他地区相比，来自巴西东北部地区的参与者更遵守 SFA 消费建议（38.42％），而遵守 PUFA 摄入量建议（3.52％）的比例较低（p <0.001）。
在所评估的样本中，对饮食脂肪酸摄入的营养建议的遵循率较低。
