Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China.
Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China.
Poult Sci. 2024 Jun;103(6):103647. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103647. Epub 2024 Mar 29.
Dietary absorption and digestion are influenced by the microbiota, morphology, and digestive enzymes of intestines, and fermentation is a popular and effective technique to enhance animal rearing growth performance. This study aims to explore the pivotal role of Muscovy duck probiotics fermented feedstuff (FF) in altering the growth performance by reshaping gut morphology, microorganisms and metabolism. The findings showed that FF considerably raised the levels of fatty acids (FA) and small peptides (7-19AA) in the diet. Further feeding trial data reveals that FF greatly increased the Muscovy duck average daily gain (ADG) but had no effect on their daily feed intake (DFI), and the FCR significantly dropped (P < 0.05). Additionally, it was evident that FF improved the integrity of the intestinal mucosa in Muscovy duck by increasing villus height, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, and lowering crypt depth. Then, in comparison to the control group (NC), there was a significant increase in the gene expression of the mucosal tight junction proteins Occludin, Claudin-1, and Zo-1 in the intestine of Muscovy duck. Additionally, there was higher expression of the mucosal transport channels SGLT-1, PepT1, AQP2, AQP3, and AQP10 in the similarly colon site, jejunum, and duodenum. Furthermore, in AB-PAS/PAS-stained duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and similarly colon site, FF markedly increased relative mucus output and goblet cells while decreasing epithelial cell apoptosis. Following 16S sequencing data indicated that the intestinal microbiota was altered and the diversity and richness of gut microbes was greatly enhanced by FF. Particularly, the boost of core probiotics, such as Rothia of duodenum, Limosilactobacillus and Lentilactobacillus of jejunum, Lactococcus and Rothia of ileum, Ligilactobacillus and Entocuccus of similarly colon site, Gallibacterium of caecum. And reduced potentially pathogenic bacteria (Campylobacter, Prevotellaceae, Clostridia-vadinBB60, and Oscillospira). Nontargeted metabolomics assay for intestinal content confirmed an increased organic acids (oxidanesulfonic acid, cholic acid, gallic acid, coumaric acid, pipecollc acid, 13s-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) and glycosides metabolites (5-hydroxydantrolene, 3-hydroxyguanfacine glucuronide, acetylleucine, astragalin, xanthosine, taxiphylin, sinapine, denudatine, penylalanyl-tyrosine and phenylalanyl-valine). These findings demonstrated that FF, a viable option to improve Muscovy duck growth performance through reconstructed intestinal morphology, microorganisms, and metabolism, subsequently promoted the gut health and increased diet digestion and absorption. The study that is being presented offers scientific proof that FF might be a useful strategy for improving Muscovy duck growth performance.
饲料的消化和吸收受到肠道微生物群、形态和消化酶的影响，发酵是提高动物养殖生长性能的一种流行且有效的技术。本研究旨在通过重塑肠道形态、微生物和代谢来探索麝香鸭益生菌发酵饲料（FF）在改变生长性能方面的关键作用。研究结果表明，FF 显著提高了饮食中脂肪酸（FA）和小肽（7-19AA）的水平。进一步的喂养试验数据表明，FF 显著提高了麝香鸭的平均日增重（ADG），但对其日采食量（DFI）没有影响，饲料转化率（FCR）显著降低（P < 0.05）。此外，FF 通过增加绒毛高度、绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值和降低隐窝深度，改善了麝香鸭肠道黏膜的完整性。然后，与对照组（NC）相比，麝香鸭肠道中黏膜紧密连接蛋白 Occludin、Claudin-1 和 Zo-1 的基因表达显著增加。此外，在同样的结肠部位、空肠和十二指肠中，黏膜转运通道 SGLT-1、PepT1、AQP2、AQP3 和 AQP10 的表达也更高。此外，在 AB-PAS/PAS 染色的空肠、回肠、十二指肠和同样的结肠部位，FF 显著增加了相对黏液分泌和杯状细胞，同时减少了上皮细胞凋亡。16S 测序数据表明，FF 改变了肠道微生物群，极大地增加了肠道微生物的多样性和丰富度。特别是，十二指肠中的罗氏菌、空肠中的利米乳杆菌和 Lentilactobacillus、回肠中的乳球菌和罗氏菌、同样结肠部位的 Ligilactobacillus 和 Entocuccus、盲肠中的 Gallibacterium 等核心益生菌的数量增加，而潜在的致病细菌（弯曲菌、普雷沃特氏菌科、Clostridium-vadinBB60 和 Oscillospira）数量减少。肠道内容物的非靶向代谢组学分析证实，氧化烷磺酸、胆酸、没食子酸、香豆酸、哌可酸、13s-羟基十八碳二烯酸等有机酸和 5-羟基丹宁、3-羟基胍嗪葡萄糖醛酸、乙酰亮氨酸、黄芩素、黄嘌呤核苷、紫杉素、白芨素、苦参碱、苯丙氨酸-酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸-缬氨酸等糖苷代谢物的含量增加。这些发现表明，FF 是一种通过重建肠道形态、微生物和代谢来提高麝香鸭生长性能的可行方法，进而促进了肠道健康，增加了饮食消化和吸收。本研究提供了科学证据，表明 FF 可能是提高麝香鸭生长性能的一种有用策略。
