Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Department of Aquatic Basic Science, Faculty of Fisheries, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Türkiye; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, United Kingdom.
Faculty of Fisheries, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Türkiye.
J Environ Manage. 2024 May;358:120779. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120779. Epub 2024 Apr 10.
Biological invasions are increasingly recognised as a major global change that erodes ecosystems, societal well-being, and economies. However, comprehensive analyses of their economic ramifications are missing for most national economies, despite rapidly escalating costs globally. Türkiye is highly vulnerable to biological invasions owing to its extensive transport network and trade connections as well as its unique transcontinental position at the interface of Europe and Asia. This study presents the first analysis of the reported economic costs caused by biological invasions in Türkiye. The InvaCost database which compiles invasive non-native species' monetary costs was used, complemented with cost searches specific to Türkiye, to describe the spatial and taxonomic attributes of costly invasive non-native species, the types of costs, and their temporal trends. The total economic cost attributed to invasive non-native species in Türkiye (from 202 cost reporting documents) amounted to US$ 4.1 billion from 1960 to 2022. However, cost data were only available for 87 out of 872 (10%) non-native species known for Türkiye. Costs were biased towards a few hyper-costly non-native taxa, such as jellyfish, stink bugs, and locusts. Among impacted sectors, agriculture bore the highest total cost, reaching US$ 2.85 billion, followed by the fishery sector with a total cost of US$ 1.20 billion. Management (i.e., control and eradication) costs were, against expectations, substantially higher than reported damage costs (US$ 2.89 billion vs. US$ 28.4 million). Yearly costs incurred by non-native species rose exponentially over time, reaching US$ 504 million per year in 2020-2022 and are predicted to increase further in the next 10 years. A large deficit of cost records compared to other countries was also shown, suggesting a larger monetary underestimate than is typically observed. These findings underscore the need for improved cost recording as well as preventative management strategies to reduce future post-invasion management costs and help inform decisions to manage the economic burdens posed by invasive non-native species. These insights further emphasise the crucial role of standardised data in accurately estimating the costs associated with invasive non-native species for prioritisation and communication purposes.
生物入侵越来越被认为是一种主要的全球性变化，它会侵蚀生态系统、社会福利和经济。然而，尽管全球成本迅速上升，但大多数国家的经济仍缺乏对其经济影响的全面分析。由于其广泛的交通网络和贸易联系以及其作为欧洲和亚洲之间的独特大陆位置，土耳其非常容易受到生物入侵的影响。本研究首次分析了土耳其生物入侵造成的报告经济成本。使用了 InvaCost 数据库，该数据库汇编了入侵非本地物种的货币成本，并辅以针对土耳其的成本搜索，以描述昂贵入侵非本地物种的空间和分类属性、成本类型及其时间趋势。1960 年至 2022 年，归因于土耳其入侵非本地物种的总经济成本（来自 202 份成本报告文件）达到 41 亿美元。然而，只有 872 种已知入侵土耳其的非本地物种中的 87 种有成本数据。成本偏向少数几种高成本的非本地类群，如水母、臭虫和蝗虫。在受影响的部门中，农业承担的总成本最高，达到 28.5 亿美元，其次是渔业部门，总成本为 12 亿美元。出乎意料的是，管理（即控制和根除）成本远高于报告的损害成本（28.9 亿美元对 2840 万美元）。非本地物种每年的成本呈指数级增长，2020-2022 年达到每年 5.04 亿美元，预计未来 10 年还会进一步增加。与其他国家相比，成本记录的大量短缺也表明，货币低估的程度比通常观察到的要大。这些发现强调了需要改进成本记录以及预防管理策略，以降低未来入侵后管理成本，并帮助做出管理入侵非本地物种带来的经济负担的决策。这些见解进一步强调了标准化数据在准确估计与入侵非本地物种相关成本方面的关键作用，以便优先排序和沟通目的。
