Division of Hepatology, Division of Clinical Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Clinical Cooperation Unit Healthy Metabolism, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Dig Dis. 2024;42(4):349-360. doi: 10.1159/000538815. Epub 2024 May 7.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant global health burden with a high mortality rate. Over the past 40 years, significant progress has been achieved in the prevention and management of HCC.
Hepatitis B vaccination programs, the development of direct acting antiviral drugs for Hepatitis C, and effective surveillance strategies provide a profound basis for the prevention of HCC. Advanced surgery and liver transplantation along with local ablation techniques potentially offer cure for the disease. Also, just recently, the introduction of immunotherapy opened a new chapter in systemic treatment. Finally, the introduction of the BCLC classification system for HCC, clearly defining patient groups and assigning reasonable treatment options, has standardized treatment and become the basis of almost all clinical trials for HCC. With this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of HCC management and also touch on current challenges.
A comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach is crucial for effective HCC management. Continued research and clinical trials are imperative to further enhance treatment options and will ultimately reduce the global burden of this devastating disease.
肝细胞癌（HCC）仍然是一个重大的全球健康负担，死亡率很高。在过去的 40 年中，HCC 的预防和管理取得了重大进展。
乙型肝炎疫苗接种计划、丙型肝炎直接作用抗病毒药物的开发以及有效的监测策略为 HCC 的预防提供了坚实的基础。先进的手术和肝移植以及局部消融技术为治愈该疾病提供了可能。此外，就在最近，免疫疗法的引入为系统治疗开辟了新篇章。最后，BCLC 肝癌分类系统的引入明确界定了患者群体并分配了合理的治疗选择，使治疗标准化并成为 HCC 几乎所有临床试验的基础。通过本文回顾，我们全面概述了 HCC 管理的不断发展的情况，并探讨了当前的挑战。
全面和多学科的方法对于有效的 HCC 管理至关重要。持续的研究和临床试验对于进一步增强治疗选择至关重要，最终将减轻这种毁灭性疾病的全球负担。
