College of Animal Science and Technology/Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology/Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jun 20;930:172307. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172307. Epub 2024 Apr 9.
For canine parvovirus -2 (CPV-2), a zoonotic virus capable of cross-species transmission in animals, the amino acid changes of capsid protein VP2 are key factors when binding to other species' transferrin receptors (TfR). CPV-2 variants can spread from felines and canines, for example, to Carnivora, Artiodactyla, and Pholidota species, and CPV-2c variants are essential to spread from Carnivora to Artiodactyla and Pholidota species in particular. In our study, a CPV-2a variant maintained a relatively stable trend, and the proportion of CPV-2c gradually rose from 1980 to 2021. The VP2 amino acid sequence analysis showed that five amino acid mutations at 426E/D, 305H/D, and 297S may be necessary for the virus to bind to different host receptors. Meanwhile, receptor-binding loop regions and amino acid sites 87 L, 93 N, 232I, and 305Y were associated with CPV-2 cross-species transmission. The homology of TfRs in different hosts infected with CPV-2 ranged from 77.2 % to 99.0 %, and from pig to feline, canine, and humans was 80.7 %, 80.4 %, and 77.2 %, respectively. The amino acid residues of TfRs involved in the viral binding in those hosts are highly conserved, which suggests that CPV-2 may be capable of pig-to-human transmission. Our analysis of the origin, evolutionary trend, cross-species transmission dynamics, and genetic characteristics of CPV-2 when binding to host receptors provides a theoretical basis for further research on CPV-2's mechanism of cross-species transmission and for establishing an early warning and monitoring mechanism for the possible threat of CPV-2 to animal-human public security.
对于犬细小病毒-2（CPV-2），一种能够在动物间发生跨物种传播的人畜共患病病毒，衣壳蛋白 VP2 的氨基酸变化是其与其他物种转铁蛋白受体（TfR）结合的关键因素。例如，CPV-2 变异株可以从猫科动物和犬科动物传播到食肉目、偶蹄目和鳞甲目物种，而 CPV-2c 变异株尤其可以从食肉目传播到偶蹄目和鳞甲目物种。在我们的研究中，CPV-2a 变异株保持了相对稳定的趋势，而 CPV-2c 的比例从 1980 年到 2021 年逐渐上升。VP2 氨基酸序列分析表明，426E/D、305H/D 和 297S 处的五个氨基酸突变可能是病毒与不同宿主受体结合所必需的。同时，受体结合环区和氨基酸位点 87L、93N、232I 和 305Y 与 CPV-2 跨物种传播有关。感染 CPV-2 的不同宿主的 TfR 同源性为 77.2%-99.0%，从猪到猫、犬和人分别为 80.7%、80.4%和 77.2%。这些宿主中参与病毒结合的 TfR 氨基酸残基高度保守，这表明 CPV-2 可能具有猪传人的能力。我们对 CPV-2 结合宿主受体的起源、进化趋势、跨物种传播动力学和遗传特征的分析，为进一步研究 CPV-2 跨物种传播的机制以及建立 CPV-2 对动物-人类公共安全可能威胁的预警和监测机制提供了理论依据。
