Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Facultad de Educación y Humanidades, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Facultad de Educación y Humanidades, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
Rev Clin Esp (Barc). 2024 May;224(5):314-330. doi: 10.1016/j.rceng.2024.04.005. Epub 2024 Apr 8.
Identify and reach consensus on the variables that affect the measurement of oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry.
We applied inclusion and exclusion criteria to select relevant studies in databases such as Ebsco and PubMed. The search strategies, carried out until December 2023, focused on publications that addressed the technology of pulse oximeters and variables that influence their accuracy. We assessed the risk of bias of the included studies and used standardized methods for synthesis of results.
23 studies were included. The synthesis of the results highlighted that equipment with tetrapolar technology showed greater precision in oxygen saturation measurements. Increased skin pigmentation, hemoglobinopathies and high skin temperatures can lead to an overestimation of SpO, while factors such as low perfusion, cold skin temperature, nail polish or tattoos, hypoxemia, anemia and high altitude training, they may underestimate it. On the other hand, motion artifacts, light pollution, frequency >150 beats per minute, electromagnetic interference and location of the sensor can cause distortion of the photoplethymography signal.
The synthesis of the results highlighted that skin pigmentation and light interference can lead to an overestimation of SpO, while other factors such as low perfusion and altitude tend to underestimate it. The studies presented variability and heterogeneity in their designs, evidencing limitations in the consistency and precision of the evidence. Despite these limitations, the results underscore the importance of considering multiple variables when interpreting pulse oximetry measurements to ensure their reliability. The findings have significant implications for clinical practice and future research.
确定并达成共识，影响脉搏血氧饱和度测量的变量。
我们应用纳入和排除标准，从 Ebsco 和 PubMed 等数据库中筛选相关研究。搜索策略截至 2023 年 12 月，重点关注涉及脉搏血氧计技术和影响其准确性的变量的出版物。我们评估了纳入研究的偏倚风险，并使用标准化方法综合结果。
共纳入 23 项研究。结果综合表明，具有四极技术的设备在血氧饱和度测量方面具有更高的精度。皮肤色素沉着、血红蛋白病和高皮肤温度会导致 SpO 高估，而低灌注、冷皮肤温度、指甲油或纹身、低氧血症、贫血和高海拔训练等因素可能会低估 SpO。另一方面，运动伪影、光污染、频率>150 次/分钟、电磁干扰和传感器位置会导致光容积描记信号失真。
结果综合表明，皮肤色素沉着和光干扰会导致 SpO 高估，而其他因素，如低灌注和海拔，往往会低估 SpO。这些研究在设计上存在变异性和异质性，表明证据的一致性和精确性存在局限性。尽管存在这些局限性，但结果强调了在解释脉搏血氧饱和度测量值时考虑多个变量的重要性，以确保其可靠性。研究结果对临床实践和未来研究具有重要意义。
