Khan Muhammad Amir, Khan Niyamat, Ullah Muneeb, Hamayun Shah, Makhmudov Nurullo Ismoilovich, Mbbs Raziya, Safdar Mishal, Bibi Ayisha, Wahab Abdul, Naeem Muhammad, Hasan Nurhasni
Department of Foreign Medical Education, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, 2A Yangi Turon Street, Fergana 150100, Uzbekistan.
College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 Beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
Curr Probl Cardiol. 2024 Jun;49(6):102568. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102568. Epub 2024 Apr 8.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), exemplified by coronary artery disease (CAD), is a global health concern, escalating in prevalence and burden. The etiology of CAD is intricate, involving different risk factors. CVD remains a significant cause of mortality, driving the need for innovative interventions like percutaneous coronary intervention and vascular stents. These stents aim to minimize restenosis, thrombosis, and neointimal hyperplasia while providing mechanical support. Notably, the challenges of achieving ideal stent characteristics persist. An emerging avenue to address this involves enhancing the mechanical performance of polymeric bioresorbable stents using additive manufacturing techniques And Three-dimensional (3D) printing, encompassing various manufacturing technologies, has transcended its initial concept to become a tangible reality in the medical field. The technology's evolution presents a significant opportunity for pharmaceutical and medical industries, enabling the creation of targeted drugs and swift production of medical implants. It revolutionizes medical procedures, transforming the strategies of doctors and surgeons. Patient-specific 3D-printed anatomical models are now pivotal in precision medicine and personalized treatment approaches. Despite its ongoing development, additive manufacturing in healthcare is already integrated into various medical applications, offering substantial benefits to a sector under pressure for performance and cost reduction. In this review primarily emphasizes stent technology, different types of stents, highlighting its application with some potential complications. Here we also address their benefits, potential issues, effectiveness, indications, and contraindications. In future it can potentially reduce complications and help in improving patients' outcomes. 3DP technology offers the promise to customize solutions for complex CVD conditions and help or fostering a new era of precision medicine in cardiology.
心血管疾病（CVD），以冠状动脉疾病（CAD）为典型，是一个全球性的健康问题，其患病率和负担不断攀升。CAD的病因错综复杂，涉及多种风险因素。CVD仍然是一个重要的死亡原因，这推动了对诸如经皮冠状动脉介入治疗和血管支架等创新干预措施的需求。这些支架旨在将再狭窄、血栓形成和新生内膜增生降至最低，同时提供机械支撑。值得注意的是，实现理想支架特性的挑战依然存在。解决这一问题的一个新兴途径是利用增材制造技术提高聚合物生物可吸收支架的机械性能。三维（3D）打印涵盖了各种制造技术，已经超越了其最初的概念，在医学领域成为了现实。这项技术的发展为制药和医疗行业带来了重大机遇，能够制造靶向药物并快速生产医疗植入物。它彻底改变了医疗程序，转变了医生和外科医生的治疗策略。患者特异性的3D打印解剖模型如今在精准医学和个性化治疗方法中起着关键作用。尽管仍在不断发展，但医疗保健领域的增材制造已经融入各种医疗应用中，为面临性能和成本降低压力的行业带来了巨大益处。在这篇综述中，主要强调支架技术、不同类型的支架，突出其应用以及一些潜在并发症。我们还讨论了它们的益处、潜在问题、有效性、适应症和禁忌症。未来，它有可能减少并发症并有助于改善患者的治疗效果。3D打印技术有望为复杂的心血管疾病状况定制解决方案，并有助于开创心脏病学精准医学的新时代。
