Department of Child Health Care, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Changxing, Huzhou, China.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2024 Dec 31;20(1):2338505. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2338505. Epub 2024 Apr 10.
The waning of maternal antibodies may cause infants to lose protection against measles before receiving measles-containing vaccine (MCV). The aim of this study is to investigate the changing characteristics and influencing factors of measles antibodies in preterm infants (PT), and to provide scientific basis for optimizing MCV vaccination strategy of the target population. Blood samples were collected from PT and full-term infants (FT) at the chronological age (CA) of 3, 6, and 12 months. Measles antibodies were quantitatively detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Demographic and vaccination information were both collected. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was used to compare the measles antibodies among different gestation age (GA) groups, and multiple linear regression was performed to identify the correlative factors for the antibodies. Measles antibodies of PT decreased significantly with age increasing before MCV vaccination. The positive rates of antibodies of PT were 10.80% and 3.30% at the age of 3 and 6 months, respectively ( < .001). At 12 months, the measles antibodies and seropositive rate in the infants who received MCV vaccination increased sharply ( < .001). Regression analyzes showed that the younger the GA or the older the age, the lower the antibodies at 3 months(p < .001，p = .018); while the lower measles antibody levels at 3 months and older age predicted the lower antibodies at 6 months(p < .001, = .029). PT were susceptible to measles due to the low level of maternally derived antibodies before MCV vaccination. More efforts should be considered to protect the vulnerable population during their early postnatal life.
母体抗体的衰减可能导致婴儿在接种含麻疹疫苗（MCV）之前失去对麻疹的保护。本研究旨在探讨早产儿（PT）麻疹抗体的变化特征及其影响因素，为优化目标人群 MCV 接种策略提供科学依据。采集 PT 和足月儿（FT）在 3、6 和 12 月龄的时间年龄（CA）的血样。采用酶联免疫吸附试验定量检测麻疹抗体。收集人口统计学和疫苗接种信息。采用 Kruskal-Wallis 秩和检验比较不同胎龄（GA）组的麻疹抗体，采用多元线性回归分析抗体的相关因素。PT 麻疹抗体在 MCV 接种前随年龄增长而显著下降。PT 在 3 个月和 6 个月时的抗体阳性率分别为 10.80%和 3.30%（ < .001）。在 12 个月时，接受 MCV 接种的婴儿麻疹抗体和血清阳性率急剧增加（ < .001）。回归分析显示，GA 越小或年龄越大，3 个月时抗体越低（p < .001，p = .018）；而 3 个月时麻疹抗体水平较低和年龄较大预测 6 个月时抗体水平较低（p < .001， = .029）。PT 在 MCV 接种前由于母体来源抗体水平低，易患麻疹。在婴儿出生后的早期阶段，应考虑采取更多措施来保护弱势群体。
