Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Ambio. 2024 Sep;53(9):1296-1306. doi: 10.1007/s13280-024-02014-7. Epub 2024 Apr 10.
Protected areas are a key component of global conservation, and the world is aiming to increase protected areas to cover 30% of land and water through the 30 × 30 Initiative under the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. However, factors affecting their success or failure in regard to promoting mammal population recovery are not well studied, particularly using quantitative approaches comparing across diverse taxa, biomes, and countries. To better understand how protected areas contribute to mammalian recovery, we conducted an analysis of 2706 mammal populations both inside and outside of protected areas worldwide. We calculated the annual percent change of mammal populations within and outside of terrestrial protected areas and examined the relationship between the percent change and a suite of human and natural characteristics including biome, region, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) protected area category, IUCN Red List classification, and taxonomic order. Our results show that overall mammal populations inside and outside of protected areas are relatively stable. It appears that Threatened mammals are doing better inside of protected areas than outside, whereas the opposite is true for species of least concern and Near Threatened species. We also found significant population increases in protected areas classified as category III and significant population decreases in protected and unprotected areas throughout Oceania. Our results demonstrate that terrestrial protected areas can be an important approach for mammalian recovery and conservation.
保护区是全球保护的关键组成部分，世界各国正在努力通过《后 2020 年全球生物多样性框架》下的“30×30 倡议”，将保护区面积增加到覆盖陆地和水域的 30%。然而，对于保护区在促进哺乳动物种群恢复方面的成功或失败的影响因素，人们研究得还不够充分，特别是使用定量方法来比较不同分类群、生物群落和国家的情况。为了更好地了解保护区如何有助于哺乳动物的恢复，我们对全球范围内 2706 个哺乳动物种群进行了保护区内外的分析。我们计算了陆地保护区内外哺乳动物种群的年变化百分比，并研究了变化百分比与一系列人类和自然特征之间的关系，包括生物群落、区域、国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）保护区类别、IUCN 红色名录分类和分类阶元。我们的结果表明，保护区内外的哺乳动物种群总体上相对稳定。受威胁的哺乳动物在保护区内的表现似乎好于保护区外，而最不受关注的物种和近危物种则相反。我们还发现，被归类为第三类别的保护区的种群数量显著增加，而大洋洲的保护区和无保护区的种群数量都显著减少。我们的研究结果表明，陆地保护区可以成为哺乳动物恢复和保护的重要途径。
