Saletu B, Grünberger J
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1985;444:406-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb37604.x.
Human brain function as measured by the computer-assisted spectral analyzed electroencephalogram (EEG) shows significant alterations in normal and pathological aging characterized by an increase of delta and theta activity and by a decrease of alpha and alpha-adjacent beta activity as well as by a slowing of the dominant frequency. These changes are indicative of deficits in the vigilance-regulatory systems. By the term vigilance we understand the availability and grade of organization of man's adaptive behavior, which in turn is dependent of the dynamic state of the total neural activity. An impairment of vigilance was found to be significantly correlated with the clinical symptomatology of the organic brain syndrome (OBS) as well as with mnestic performance deficits. Elderly subjects with bad memory exhibit slower activity and less alpha and alpha-adjacent beta activity than those with good memory. This was found to be true for both the time of acquisition and recall. Antihypoxidotic/nootropic drugs, such as the ergotalkaloids dihydroergotoxine and nicergoline, vincamine-alkaloids, piracetam, aniracetam, etiracetam, piridoxilate and others, induce interestingly just oppositional changes in human brain function, thereby improving vigilance. Other methods for proving therapeutic efficacy in man, like experimentally induced hypoxic hypoxidosis and the reversible alcoholic OBS, are discussed.
通过计算机辅助频谱分析脑电图（EEG）测量的人类大脑功能显示，正常衰老和病理性衰老存在显著变化，其特征为δ波和θ波活动增加，α波和相邻α波的β波活动减少，以及主导频率减慢。这些变化表明警觉调节系统存在缺陷。我们所说的警觉是指人类适应性行为的可用性和组织程度，而这又取决于整个神经活动的动态状态。研究发现，警觉受损与器质性脑综合征（OBS）的临床症状以及记忆功能缺陷显著相关。记忆力差的老年受试者比记忆力好的老年受试者表现出更慢的活动以及更少的α波和相邻α波的β波活动。这在获取和回忆时均被证实。有趣的是，抗缺氧/益智药物，如麦角生物碱双氢麦角毒碱和尼麦角林、长春胺生物碱、吡拉西坦、阿尼西坦、艾地苯醌、吡多昔酯等，会引起人类大脑功能相反的变化，从而提高警觉性。文中还讨论了在人体中证明治疗效果的其他方法，如实验性诱导的低氧性缺氧和可逆性酒精性OBS。
