Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A Str., 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Research Station in Świnoujście, Plac Słowiański 11 Str., 72-600, Świnoujście, Poland.
Exp Parasitol. 2024 Jun;261:108751. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108751. Epub 2024 Apr 9.
Anisakiasis is a parasitic disease transmitted through the consumption of raw or undercooked fish and cephalopods that are infected with larvae of Anisakis simplex (sensu stricto) or Anisakis pegreffii. The purpose of this study was to investigate how A. simplex (s. s.) responds to the influence of anthelmintics such as ivermectin (IVM) and pyrantel (PYR). In vitro experiments were conducted using larvae at two developmental stages of A. simplex (s. s.) (L3 and L4) obtained from Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras). Larvae were cultured with different concentrations of IVM or PYR (1.56, 3.125, and 6.25 μg/mL) for various durations (3, 6, 9, and 12 h) under anaerobic conditions (37 °C, 5% CO). The gene expression of actin, ABC transporter, antioxidant enzymes, γ-aminobutyric acid receptors, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, as well as the oxidative status were analyzed. The results showed that A. simplex (s. s.) L3 stage had lower mobility when cultured with PYR compared to IVM. The analysis of relative gene expression revealed significant differences in the mRNA level of ABC transporters after treatment with IVM and PYR, compared to the control group. Similar patterns were observed in the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in response to both drugs. Furthermore, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were higher in the treatment groups than in the control group. These findings suggest a relationship between the expression of the studied genes, including those related to oxidative metabolism, and the effectiveness of the tested drugs.
本研究旨在探讨海狮线虫（Anisakis simplex）（简称 A. simplex）幼虫对伊维菌素（ivermectin，IVM）和噻嘧啶（pyrantel，PYR）等驱虫药的反应。我们使用从波罗的海鲱鱼（Clupea harengus membras）中获得的 A. simplex 幼虫的两个发育阶段（L3 和 L4）进行了体外实验。将幼虫在厌氧条件（37°C，5% CO）下与不同浓度的 IVM 或 PYR（1.56、3.125 和 6.25 μg/mL）孵育不同时间（3、6、9 和 12 h）。分析了肌动蛋白、ABC 转运蛋白、抗氧化酶、γ-氨基丁酸受体和烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体的基因表达以及氧化状态。结果表明，与 IVM 相比，PYR 培养的 A. simplex（s. s.）L3 期幼虫的迁移率较低。与对照组相比，IVM 和 PYR 处理后 ABC 转运蛋白的 mRNA 水平存在显著差异。抗氧化酶的基因表达也呈现出类似的模式。此外，治疗组的总抗氧化能力（TAC）和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶（GST）活性均高于对照组。这些发现表明，研究基因的表达与测试药物的有效性之间存在关系，包括与氧化代谢相关的基因。
