Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Curr Obes Rep. 2024 Sep;13(3):440-460. doi: 10.1007/s13679-024-00559-y. Epub 2024 Apr 12.
By providing a concise overview of adipose tissue types, elucidating the regulation of adipose thermogenic capacity in both physiological contexts and chronic wasting diseases (a protracted hypermetabolic state that precipitates sustained catabolism and consequent progressive corporeal atrophy), and most importantly, delving into the ongoing discourse regarding the role of adipose tissue thermogenic activation in chronic wasting diseases, this review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the field.
Adipose tissue, traditionally classified as white, brown, and beige (brite) based on its thermogenic activity and potential, is intricately regulated by complex mechanisms in response to exercise or cold exposure. This regulation is adipose depot-specific and dependent on the duration of exposure. Excessive thermogenic activation of adipose tissue has been observed in chronic wasting diseases and has been considered a pathological factor that accelerates disease progression. However, this conclusion may be confounded by the detrimental effects of excessive lipolysis. Recent research also suggests that such activation may play a beneficial role in the early stages of chronic wasting disease and provide potential therapeutic effects. A more comprehensive understanding of the changes in adipose tissue thermogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as the underlying regulatory mechanisms, is essential for the development of novel interventions to improve health and prevent disease.
通过简要概述脂肪组织类型，阐明脂肪产热能力在生理和慢性消耗性疾病（一种持续代谢亢进状态，导致持续分解代谢和随后的进行性身体萎缩）中的调节，并且最重要的是，深入探讨关于脂肪组织产热激活在慢性消耗性疾病中的作用的持续讨论，本综述旨在为研究人员提供该领域的全面理解。
脂肪组织传统上根据其产热活性和潜力分为白色、棕色和米色（brite），其受到复杂机制的精细调节，以响应运动或冷暴露。这种调节是脂肪库特异性的，并且取决于暴露的持续时间。在慢性消耗性疾病中观察到脂肪组织过度产热激活，并被认为是加速疾病进展的病理因素。然而，这个结论可能因过度脂解的有害影响而受到混淆。最近的研究还表明，这种激活可能在慢性消耗性疾病的早期阶段发挥有益作用，并提供潜在的治疗效果。对于开发改善健康和预防疾病的新干预措施，了解生理和病理条件下脂肪组织产热的变化以及潜在的调节机制至关重要。
