Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Bioengineering Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Sci Adv. 2024 Apr 12;10(15):eadm8246. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adm8246.
Temporally coordinated neural activity is central to nervous system function and purposeful behavior. Still, there is a paucity of evidence demonstrating how this coordinated activity within cortical and subcortical regions governs behavior. We investigated this between the primary motor (M1) and contralateral cerebellar cortex as rats learned a neuroprosthetic/brain-machine interface (BMI) task. In neuroprosthetic task, actuator movements are causally linked to M1 "direct" neurons that drive the decoder for successful task execution. However, it is unknown how task-related M1 activity interacts with the cerebellum. We observed a notable 3 to 6 hertz coherence that emerged between these regions' local field potentials (LFPs) with learning that also modulated task-related spiking. We identified robust task-related indirect modulation in the cerebellum, which developed a preferential relationship with M1 task-related activity. Inhibiting cerebellar cortical and deep nuclei activity through optogenetics led to performance impairments in M1-driven neuroprosthetic control. Together, these results demonstrate that cerebellar influence is necessary for M1-driven neuroprosthetic control.
时间协调的神经活动是神经系统功能和有目的行为的核心。尽管如此，仍然缺乏证据表明皮质和皮质下区域内的这种协调活动如何控制行为。我们在大鼠学习神经假体/脑机接口 (BMI) 任务时，研究了初级运动皮层 (M1) 和对侧小脑皮层之间的这种关系。在神经假体任务中，执行器运动与直接驱动解码器以成功执行任务的 M1“直接”神经元因果相关。然而，尚不清楚与任务相关的 M1 活动如何与小脑相互作用。我们观察到，随着学习的进行，这些区域的局部场电位 (LFP) 之间出现了显著的 3 到 6 赫兹相干性，并且也调制了与任务相关的尖峰放电。我们在小脑皮层中识别出强大的与任务相关的间接调制，这与 M1 与任务相关的活动发展出了优先关系。通过光遗传学抑制小脑皮层和深部核团的活动会导致 M1 驱动的神经假体控制性能受损。总之，这些结果表明，小脑的影响对于 M1 驱动的神经假体控制是必要的。
