State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jun 1;927:172352. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172352. Epub 2024 Apr 11.
Mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing hold a prominent position in the agricultural industries of many Asian countries, contributing to economic growth, sustainable development, and cultural heritage preservation. Applying the soil-mulberry-silkworm system (SMSS) to heavy metal (HM)-contaminated areas is significant economically, environmentally, and socially. The ultimate goal of this paper is to review the main research progress of SMSS under HM stress, examining factors affecting its safe utilization and remediation potential for HM-contaminated soils. HM tolerance of mulberry and silkworms relates to their growth stages. Based on the standards for HM contaminants in various mulberry and silkworm products and the bioconcentration factor of HMs at different parts of SMSS, we calculated maximum safe Cd and Pb levels for SMSS application on contaminated lands. Several remediation practices demonstrated mulberry's ability to grow on barren lands, absorb various HMs, while silkworm excreta can adsorb HMs and improve soil fertility. Considering multiple factors influencing HM tolerance and accumulation, we propose a decision model to guide SMSS application in polluted areas. Finally, we discussed the potential of using molecular breeding techniques to screen or develop varieties better suited for HM-contaminated regions. However, actual pollution scenarios are often complex, requiring consideration of multiple factors. More large-scale applications are crucial to enhance the theoretical foundation for applying SMSS in HM pollution risk areas.
桑树种植和养蚕在许多亚洲国家的农业产业中占有重要地位，为经济增长、可持续发展和文化遗产保护做出了贡献。将桑基鱼塘系统（SMSS）应用于重金属（HM）污染地区在经济、环境和社会方面都具有重要意义。本文的主要目的是综述 SMSS 在 HM 胁迫下的主要研究进展，探讨影响其安全利用和修复 HM 污染土壤潜力的因素。桑树和家蚕对 HM 的耐受性与其生长阶段有关。根据各种桑树和家蚕产品中 HM 污染物的标准以及 SMSS 不同部位 HM 的生物浓缩因子，我们计算了 SMSS 在污染土地上应用的最大安全 Cd 和 Pb 水平。几项修复实践表明，桑树能够在贫瘠的土地上生长，吸收各种 HM，而家蚕的粪便可以吸附 HM，提高土壤肥力。考虑到影响 HM 耐受性和积累的多个因素，我们提出了一个决策模型，指导 SMSS 在污染地区的应用。最后，我们讨论了利用分子育种技术筛选或开发更适合 HM 污染地区品种的潜力。然而，实际的污染情况往往很复杂，需要考虑多个因素。更多的大规模应用对于增强 SMSS 在 HM 污染风险地区的应用的理论基础至关重要。
