Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
Department of Human Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Br J Sociol. 2024 Sep;75(4):452-470. doi: 10.1111/1468-4446.13094. Epub 2024 Apr 13.
We use data from a large-scale and nationally representative survey to examine whether there is in Britain a trade-off between social diversity and social cohesion. Using six separate measures of social cohesion (generalised trust, volunteering, giving to charity, inter-ethnic friendship, and two neighbourhood cohesion scales) and four measures of social diversity (ethnic fractionalisation, religious fractionalisation, percentage Muslim, and percentage foreign-born), we show that, net of individual covariates, there is a negative association between social diversity and most measures of social cohesion. But these associations largely disappear when neighbourhood deprivation is taken into account. These results are robust to alternative definitions of neighbourhood. We also investigate the possibility that the diversity--cohesion trade-off is found in more segregated neighbourhoods. But we find very little evidence to support that claim. Overall, it is material deprivation, not diversity, that undermines social cohesion.
我们利用一项大规模的全国代表性调查的数据，考察英国在社会多样性和社会凝聚力之间是否存在权衡取舍。我们使用了六种不同的社会凝聚力衡量指标（普遍信任、志愿服务、慈善捐赠、族际友谊以及两种邻里凝聚力衡量指标）和四种社会多样性衡量指标（族群分散度、宗教分散度、穆斯林人口比例和外国出生人口比例），结果表明，在控制了个人协变量的情况下，社会多样性与大多数社会凝聚力衡量指标之间存在负相关关系。但是，当考虑到邻里贫困程度时，这些关联在很大程度上消失了。这些结果在使用替代邻里定义时仍然成立。我们还调查了多样性-凝聚力权衡关系是否存在于更加隔离的邻里的可能性。但是，我们几乎没有证据支持这种说法。总的来说，是物质贫困而不是多样性破坏了社会凝聚力。
