Guerra-Camacho Miguel Á, Magaña-Tzuc María C, Vargas-Díaz Arely A, Silva-Rojas Hilda V, Gamboa-Angulo Marcela
Colegio de Postgraduados, Champotón, Campus Campeche, Campeche, México.
CONAHCYT-Colegio de Postgraduados, Champotón, Campus Campeche, Campeche, México.
Rev Argent Microbiol. 2024 Jul-Sep;56(3):298-311. doi: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.02.004. Epub 2024 Apr 12.
Phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides cause diseases in plant tissues as well as significant postharvest losses. The use of chemical fungicides for their control has negative effects on health and the environment. Secondary metabolites from halophilic bacteria are a promising alternative for new antifungal compounds. In the present study, halophilic bacteria were isolated and characterized from two sites with saline soils called branquizales in Campeche, Mexico. A total of 64 bacteria were isolated. Agrobacterium, Bacillus, Inquilinus, Gracilibacillus, Metabacillus, Neobacillus, Paenibacillus, Priestia, Staphylococcus, Streptomyces and Virgibacillus were among the identified genera. The antifungal potential of the culture supernatant (CS) of 39 halophilic bacteria was investigated against C. gloeosporioides and A. alternata. The bacteria showing the greatest inhibition of mycelial growth corresponded to Bacillus subtilis CPO 4292, Metabacillus sp. CPO 4266, Bacillus sp. CPO 4295 and Bacillus sp. CPO 4279. The CS of Bacillus sp. CPO 4279 exhibited the highest activity and its ethyl acetate extract (AcOEt) inhibited the germination of C. gloeosporioides, with IC values of 8,630μg/ml and IC of 10,720μg/ml. The organic partition of the AcOEt extract led to three fractions, with acetonitrile (FAcB9) showing the highest antifungal activity, with values exceeding 66%. Halophilic bacteria from 'blanquizales' soils of the genus Bacillus sp. produce metabolites with antifungal properties that inhibit the phytopathogenic fungus C. gloeosporioides.
植物病原真菌链格孢和胶孢炭疽菌会引发植物组织病害以及严重的采后损失。使用化学杀菌剂来控制它们会对健康和环境产生负面影响。嗜盐细菌产生的次生代谢产物是新型抗真菌化合物的一个有前景的替代选择。在本研究中，从墨西哥坎佩切两个名为“branquizales”的盐渍土位点分离并鉴定了嗜盐细菌。总共分离出64株细菌。已鉴定的属包括农杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、内共生菌属、纤细芽孢杆菌属、新芽孢杆菌属、新芽孢杆菌属、类芽孢杆菌属、Priestia属、葡萄球菌属、链霉菌属和 Virgibacillus属。研究了39株嗜盐细菌的培养上清液（CS）对胶孢炭疽菌和链格孢的抗真菌潜力。对菌丝体生长抑制作用最强的细菌对应枯草芽孢杆菌CPO 4292、新芽孢杆菌属CPO 4266、芽孢杆菌属CPO 4295和芽孢杆菌属CPO 4279。芽孢杆菌属CPO 4279的CS表现出最高活性，其乙酸乙酯提取物（AcOEt）抑制了胶孢炭疽菌的孢子萌发，IC值为8630μg/ml，IC为10720μg/ml。AcOEt提取物的有机分配得到三个馏分，其中乙腈（FAcB9）显示出最高的抗真菌活性，其值超过66%。来自芽孢杆菌属的嗜盐细菌从“branquizales”土壤中产生具有抗真菌特性的代谢产物，可抑制植物病原真菌胶孢炭疽菌。
