Freitas Lucilene, Torres Thiago S, Hoagland Brenda, Silva Mayara S T, Veloso Valdilea G, Grinsztejn Beatriz, Bastos João L, Luz Paula M
Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6 Canada.
Lancet Reg Health Am. 2024 Apr 10;33:100737. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100737. eCollection 2024 May.
Several systems of oppression combine in complex ways to impact the lives of minority populations. Following an intersectionality framework, we assessed the frequency and perceived reasons for discrimination among gay, bisexual, and other cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender and non-binary individuals (TGNB), stratified by race.
Online survey among MSM and TGNB ≥18 years living in Brazil, between November/2021 and January/2022. We used the 18-item Explicit Discrimination Scale to assess day-to-day experiences of differential treatment, and perceived discrimination. For each item, participants indicated their perceived reasons for differential treatment using 14 pre-defined options. Negative binomial regression models assessed if race was a significant predictor of discrimination. Subsequent models, stratified by race, examined associations of perceived reasons and number of reasons with perceived discrimination.
Of 8464 MSM and TGNB, 4961 (58.6%) were White, 2173 (25.7%) (Brazil's official term for admixed populations), and 1024 (12.1%) Black. Black participants' scores for perceived discrimination (mean, standard deviation) were higher (10.2, 8.8) [ (6.5, 6.8), White (5.2, 5.7)], and race was both the main reason for and the strongest predictor of perceived discrimination. The number of reasons participants used to interpret their discriminatory experiences was also a predictor of discrimination score among White, , and Black participants.
LGBTQIA+phobia was highly prevalent among all participants. Additionally, our results indicated that Black MSM and TGNB participants were more frequently discriminated against than other racial groups, with racial discrimination uniquely contributing these experiences.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
多种压迫制度以复杂的方式交织在一起，对少数群体的生活产生影响。遵循交叉性框架，我们按种族分层，评估了男同性恋者、双性恋者以及其他与男性发生性行为的顺性别男性（MSM）和跨性别及非二元性别个体（TGNB）中歧视的频率及感知到的歧视原因。
2021年11月至2022年1月期间，对居住在巴西的年龄≥18岁的MSM和TGNB进行在线调查。我们使用18项明确歧视量表来评估差别待遇和感知到的歧视的日常经历。对于每个项目，参与者使用14个预先定义的选项表明他们对差别待遇的感知原因。负二项回归模型评估种族是否是歧视的显著预测因素。随后按种族分层的模型，研究了感知原因和原因数量与感知到的歧视之间的关联。
在8464名MSM和TGNB中，4961名（58.6%）为白人，2173名（25.7%）（巴西对混血人群的官方称呼），1024名（12.1%）为黑人。黑人参与者感知到的歧视得分（均值、标准差）更高（10.2，8.8）[（6.5，6.8），白人（5.2，5.7）]，种族既是感知到的歧视的主要原因，也是最强的预测因素。参与者用于解释其歧视经历的原因数量也是白人、[此处原文缺失相关内容]和黑人参与者歧视得分的一个预测因素。
恐同、恐双性恋、恐跨性别及对其他性少数群体的恐惧在所有参与者中都非常普遍。此外，我们的结果表明，黑人MSM和TGNB参与者比其他种族群体更容易受到歧视，种族歧视是造成这些经历的独特因素。
奥斯瓦尔多·克鲁兹基金会、国家科学技术发展委员会、里约热内卢州卡洛斯·夏加斯·菲洛研究资助基金会。
