School of Life Sciences, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China.
School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China.
PLoS One. 2024 Apr 16;19(4):e0298194. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298194. eCollection 2024.
Paeonia lactiflora contains diverse active constituents and exhibits various pharmacological activities. However, only partial identification of biologically active substances from P. lactiflora has been achieved using low-throughput techniques. Here, the roots of P. lactiflora, namely, Fenyunu (CK), Dafugui (DFG), and Red Charm (HSML), were studied. The primary and secondary metabolites were investigated using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESIMS/MS).
The chemical compounds and categories were detected using broadly targeted UPLC-MS/MS. Principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were carried out for metabolites of different varieties of P. lactiflora.
A total of 1237 compounds were detected and classified into 11 categories. HCA, PCA, and OPLS-DA of these metabolites indicated that each variety of P. lactiflora was clearly separated from the other groups. Differential accumulated metabolite analysis revealed that the three P. lactiflora varieties contained 116 differentially activated metabolites (DAMs) involved in flavonoid, flavone, and flavonol metabolism. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that, in 65 pathways, 336 differentially abundant metabolites (DMs) were enriched in the CK and DFG groups; moreover, the type and content of terpenoids were greater in the CK group than in the DFG group. The CK and HSML groups contained 457 DMs enriched in 61 pathways; the type and amount of flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins were greater in the CK group than in the HSML group. The DFG and HSML groups contained 497 DMs enriched in 65 pathways; terpenoids and alkaloids were more abundant in the HSML variety than in the DFG variety.
A total of 1237 compounds were detected, and the results revealed significant differences among the three P. lactiflora varieties. Among the three P. lactiflora varieties, phenolic acids and flavonoids composed the largest and most diverse category of metabolites, and their contents varied greatly. Therefore, CK is suitable for medicinal plant varieties, and DFG and HSML are suitable for ornamental plant varieties. Twelve proanthocyanidin metabolites likely determined the differences in color among the three varieties.
芍药属植物含有多种活性成分，具有多种药理活性。然而，使用低通量技术仅部分鉴定了芍药属植物中的生物活性物质。本研究以芍药属植物的根（凤丹、大凤丹和红芍药）为研究对象。采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法（UPLC-ESIMS/MS）对其进行了初步和二次代谢产物的研究。
采用广泛靶向 UPLC-MS/MS 检测化合物和类别。对不同品种芍药属植物的代谢产物进行主成分分析（PCA）、正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）和层次聚类分析（HCA）。
共检测到 1237 种化合物，分为 11 类。HCA、PCA 和 OPLS-DA 表明，每个品种的芍药属植物均与其它组明显分离。差异代谢物分析表明，三种芍药属植物共有 116 种差异激活代谢物（DAMs）参与黄酮类、黄酮类和类黄酮代谢。KEGG 通路分析显示，在 65 条通路中，336 种差异丰度代谢物（DMs）在 CK 和 DFG 组中富集；此外，CK 组中萜类化合物的种类和含量大于 DFG 组。CK 和 HSML 组中共有 457 种差异代谢物在 61 条通路中富集；CK 组中黄酮类、萜类和单宁类化合物的种类和含量均大于 HSML 组。DFG 和 HSML 组中共有 497 种差异代谢物在 65 条通路中富集；HSML 品种中萜类和生物碱的含量高于 DFG 品种。
共检测到 1237 种化合物，三种芍药属植物品种之间存在显著差异。在三种芍药属植物中，酚酸类和黄酮类化合物组成了最大和最多样化的代谢物类别，其含量差异很大。因此，CK 适合药用植物品种，DFG 和 HSML 适合观赏植物品种。12 种原花青素代谢物可能决定了三个品种之间的颜色差异。
