Jo Hyunwoong, Han Geongoo, Kim Eun Bae, Kong Changsu, Kim Beob Gyun
Monogastric Animal Feed Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence 02912, Rhode Island, USA.
J Anim Sci Technol. 2024 Mar;66(2):340-352. doi: 10.5187/jast.2023.e96. Epub 2024 Mar 31.
This study measured the potential changes of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract and energy and nutrient digestibility by supplemental bacteriophages in pigs. Twelve castrated male pigs (initial mean body weight = 29.5 ± 2.3 kg) were surgically cannulated using T-cannula. The animals were housed individually in pens equipped with a feeder and a nipple waterer. The pigs were allotted to 1 of 3 experimental diets in a quadruplicated 3 × 2 Latin square design with 3 experimental diets, 2 periods, and 12 pigs resulting in 8 replicates per diet. The 3 diets were a control mainly based on corn and soybean meal with no antibiotics or bacteriophages, a diet containing 0.1% antibiotics, and a diet containing 0.2% bacteriophages. On day 5 of the experimental period, feces were collected and on days 6 and 7, ileal digesta were collected. Genomic DNA for bacteria were extracted from the ileal digesta and feces and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified. The ileal and fecal digestibility of energy, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and fiber was unaffected by dietary antibiotics or bacteriophages. At the phylum level, the supplemental antibiotic or bacteriophage tended to result in a higher proportion of ( = 0.059) and a lower proportion of ( = 0.099) in the ileal digesta samples compared with the control group with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. At the genus level, the supplemental antibiotic or bacteriophage tended to result in a higher proportion of ( = 0.062) and a lower proportion of ( = 0.074) and ( = 0.088) in the ileal digesta compared with the control group with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. In the feces, supplemental antibiotics or bacteriophages reduced the proportion of compared with the control group ( = 0.029) with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. Overall, supplemental antibiotics and bacteriophages showed positive effect on the microbiota of in the ileal digesta without largely affecting energy or nutrient digestibility, with no differences between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups in growing pigs.
本研究测定了在猪中补充噬菌体后胃肠道微生物群的潜在变化以及能量和养分消化率。12头去势公猪（初始平均体重 = 29.5 ± 2.3千克）通过T型套管进行手术插管。动物单独饲养在配备有喂食器和乳头饮水器的围栏中。采用3×2重复拉丁方设计，将猪分配到3种实验日粮中的1种，有3种实验日粮、2个时期和12头猪，每种日粮有8个重复。3种日粮分别为主要基于玉米和豆粕的不含抗生素或噬菌体的对照日粮、含0.1%抗生素的日粮和含0.2%噬菌体的日粮。在实验期第5天收集粪便，在第6天和第7天收集回肠食糜。从回肠食糜和粪便中提取细菌的基因组DNA，并扩增16S rRNA基因的V4区域。日粮中的抗生素或噬菌体对能量、干物质、有机物、粗蛋白和纤维的回肠及粪便消化率没有影响。在门水平上，与对照组相比，补充抗生素或噬菌体使回肠食糜样本中的[具体菌门1]比例有升高趋势（P = 0.059），[具体菌门2]比例有降低趋势（P = 0.099），抗生素组和噬菌体组之间无差异。在属水平上，与对照组相比，补充抗生素或噬菌体使回肠食糜中的[具体菌属1]比例有升高趋势（P = 0.062），[具体菌属2]和[具体菌属3]比例有降低趋势（P分别为0.074和0.088），抗生素组和噬菌体组之间无差异。在粪便中，与对照组相比，补充抗生素或噬菌体降低了[具体菌属4]的比例（P = 0.029），抗生素组和噬菌体组之间无差异。总体而言，补充抗生素和噬菌体对回肠食糜中的微生物群有积极影响，且在很大程度上不影响能量或养分消化率，生长猪的抗生素组和噬菌体组之间无差异。
