On or Off: Life-Changing Decisions Made by Under Stress.

, the causative agent of the infectious disease, cholera, is commonly found in brackish waters and infects human hosts via the fecal-oral route. is a master of stress resistance as dynamic lifestyle across different physical environments constantly exposes it to diverse stressful circumstances. Specifically, has dedicated genetic regulatory networks to sense different environmental cues and respond to these signals. With frequent outbreaks costing a tremendous amount of lives and increased global water temperatures providing more suitable aquatic habitats for , cholera pandemics remain a probable catastrophic threat to humanity. Understanding how copes with different environmental stresses broadens our repertoire of measures against infectious diseases and expands our general knowledge of prokaryotic stress responses. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of how fights against stresses in vivo and in vitro.