INRAE, UR GAFL, Avignon, France.
CIRAD, UMR PHIM, Montpellier, France.
J Exp Bot. 2024 Jul 10;75(13):3835-3848. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erae150.
Considering the urgent need for more sustainable fruit tree production, it is high time to find durable alternatives to the systematic use of phytosanitary products in orchards. To this end, resilience can deliver a number of benefits. Relying on a combination of tolerance, resistance, and recovery traits, disease resilience appears as a cornerstone to cope with the multiple pest and disease challenges over an orchard's lifetime. Here, we describe resilience as the capacity of a tree to be minimally affected by external disturbances or to rapidly bounce back to normal functioning after being exposed to these disturbances. Based on a literature survey largely inspired from research on livestock, we highlight different approaches for dissecting phenotypic and genotypic components of resilience. In particular, multisite experimental designs and longitudinal measures of so-called 'resilience biomarkers' are required. We identified a list of promising biomarkers relying on ecophysiological and digital measurements. Recent advances in high-throughput phenotyping and genomics tools will likely facilitate fine scale temporal monitoring of tree health, allowing identification of resilient genotypes with the calculation of specific resilience indicators. Although resilience could be considered as a 'black box' trait, we demonstrate how it could become a realistic breeding goal.
考虑到对更可持续的果树生产的迫切需求，现在是时候寻找持久的替代方案，以取代果园中系统使用植物保护产品了。为此，弹性可以带来许多好处。依靠耐受、抗性和恢复特性的结合，疾病弹性似乎是应对果园生命周期中多种病虫害挑战的基石。在这里，我们将弹性定义为树木对外界干扰的最小影响能力，或在受到这些干扰后迅速恢复正常功能的能力。基于主要受畜牧业研究启发的文献综述，我们强调了剖析弹性表型和基因型组成的不同方法。特别是需要采用多地点实验设计和所谓的“弹性生物标志物”的纵向测量。我们确定了一系列有前途的生物标志物，这些生物标志物依赖于生理生态和数字测量。高通量表型和基因组学工具的最新进展可能会促进对树木健康的精细时间监测，从而能够识别具有特定弹性指标计算的弹性基因型。尽管弹性可以被视为一个“黑盒子”特性，但我们证明了它如何成为一个现实的育种目标。
