Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Calí, Colombia.
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico.
Environ Manage. 2023 Aug;72(2):333-342. doi: 10.1007/s00267-023-01816-x. Epub 2023 Apr 1.
A critical question is whether agroecology can promote climate change mitigation and adaptation outcomes without compromising food security. We assessed the outcomes of smallholder agricultural systems and practices in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) against 35 mitigation, adaptation, and yield indicators by reviewing 50 articles with 77 cases of agroecological treatments relative to a baseline of conventional practices. Crop yields were higher for 63% of cases reporting yields. Crop diversity, income diversity, net income, reduced income variability, nutrient regulation, and reduced pest infestation, indicators of adaptative capacity, were associated with 70% or more of cases. Limited information on climate change mitigation, such as greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration impacts, was available. Overall, the evidence indicates that use of organic nutrient sources, diversifying systems with legumes and integrated pest management lead to climate change adaptation in multiple contexts. Landscape mosaics, biological control (e.g., enhancement of beneficial organisms) and field sanitation measures do not yet have sufficient evidence based on this review. Widespread adoption of agroecological practices and system transformations shows promise to contribute to climate change services and food security in LMICs. Gaps in adaptation and mitigation strategies and areas for policy and research interventions are finally discussed.
一个关键问题是，农业生态学能否在不损害粮食安全的情况下促进气候变化缓解和适应成果。我们评估了低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）小农户农业系统和实践的成果，共审查了 50 篇文章，其中有 77 个案例涉及与常规做法基准相比的农业生态处理方法，涉及 35 个缓解、适应和产量指标。有 63%的报告产量的案例显示作物产量更高。作物多样性、收入多样性、净收入、收入变化减少、养分调节和减少虫害，这些适应能力的指标与 70%或更多的案例有关。关于气候变化缓解的信息有限，例如温室气体排放和碳封存影响。总的来说，证据表明，在多种情况下，使用有机养分来源、通过豆类和综合虫害管理来多样化系统，会导致气候变化适应。景观镶嵌、生物控制（例如，有益生物的增强）和田间卫生措施在基于本综述的基础上还没有足够的证据。农业生态学实践和系统转型的广泛采用有望为 LMICs 的气候变化服务和粮食安全做出贡献。最后讨论了适应和缓解战略的差距以及政策和研究干预的领域。
