Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qaliobiya 13518, Egypt.
Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2024 Jun;80:102455. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102455. Epub 2024 Apr 17.
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear, sulfated and highly negatively-charged polysaccharide that plays important roles in many biological events. As a member of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) family, HS is commonly found on mammalian cell surfaces and within the extracellular matrix. The structural complexities of natural HS polysaccharides have hampered the comprehension of their biological functions and structure-activity relationships (SARs). Although the sulfation patterns and backbone structures of HS can be major determinants of their biological activities, obtaining significant amounts of pure HS from natural sources for comprehensive SAR studies is challenging. Chemical and enzyme-based synthesis can aid in the production of structurally well-defined HS oligosaccharides. In this review, we discuss recent innovations enabling the syntheses of large libraries of HS and how these libraries can provide insights into the structural preferences of various HS binding proteins.
硫酸乙酰肝素（HS）是一种线性、硫酸化且带高度负电荷的多糖，在许多生物事件中发挥着重要作用。作为糖胺聚糖（GAG）家族的一员，HS 通常存在于哺乳动物细胞表面和细胞外基质中。天然 HS 多糖的结构复杂性阻碍了对其生物功能和结构-活性关系（SAR）的理解。尽管 HS 的硫酸化模式和主链结构是其生物活性的主要决定因素，但从天然来源获得大量纯 HS 以进行全面的 SAR 研究具有挑战性。化学和酶法合成有助于生产结构明确的 HS 寡糖。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了最近的创新，这些创新使大规模 HS 文库的合成成为可能，并探讨了这些文库如何为各种 HS 结合蛋白的结构偏好提供见解。
