Cuerpo Académico de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación Aplicada (TICA), Universidad Politécnica de Querétaro, El Marqués, Querétaro 76240, Mexico.
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Cerro Blanco 141 col. Colinas del Cimatario, C.P. 76090 Querétaro, Qro, Mexico; Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.P. 76010 Querétaro, Qro, Mexico.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 May;268(Pt 1):131576. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131576. Epub 2024 Apr 16.
This work aimed to characterize and compare the physicochemical properties of four pulse starches: bean, chickpea, lentil, and pea. Chemical proximate analysis, elemental composition, morphological grain characterization, crystalline structure, thermal analysis, FTIR analysis, and pasting properties were conducted. The proximate analysis shows that these starches have low fat, mineral, and protein content but high amylose values ranging from 29 to 36 % determined by colorimetry. Despite the high amylose content, the starches did not exhibit the typical behavior of an amylose-rich starch, with high peak viscosity and low breakdown and setback. It was found that this behavior was likely due to the large granule size of the ellipsoidal, spherical, and kidney-shaped granules and the high content of some minerals such as Na, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, P, and Si. The study also found that all pulse starches simultaneously contain monoclinic and hexagonal crystals, making them C-type starches. The findings were verified through the Rietveld analyses of X-ray diffraction patterns and differential scanning calorimetry, in which bimodal endothermic peaks evidenced both types of crystals being gelatinized.
本研究旨在对四种豆类淀粉（分别为菜豆淀粉、鹰嘴豆淀粉、小扁豆淀粉和豌豆淀粉）的理化特性进行分析和比较。研究采用化学常规分析、元素组成分析、形貌颗粒特征分析、晶体结构分析、热分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析和糊化性能分析等方法进行。常规分析表明，这些淀粉的脂肪、矿物质和蛋白质含量较低，而直链淀粉含量较高，范围在 29%至 36%，通过比色法测定。尽管直链淀粉含量高，但淀粉并没有表现出富含直链淀粉淀粉的典型行为，具有高峰值黏度和低破裂值和回生值。研究发现，这种行为可能是由于淀粉颗粒的大粒径为椭圆形、球形和肾形，以及某些矿物质（如 Na、Mg、K、Fe、Mn、P 和 Si）的高含量所致。研究还发现，所有豆类淀粉都同时含有单斜晶和六方晶，使其成为 C 型淀粉。这些发现通过 X 射线衍射图谱和差示扫描量热法的 Rietveld 分析得到验证，其中双模态的吸热峰表明两种类型的晶体都发生了糊化。
