Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health - Shreveport, 501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2024 Aug;57(4):541-550. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2024.03.004. Epub 2024 Apr 17.
Patients with oral and pharyngeal dysphagia have difficulty forming a cohesive bolus and/or transferring food from the mouth into the pharynx and esophagus to initiate the involuntary swallowing process. This may be accompanied by nasopharyngeal regurgitation, aspiration, and a sensation of residual food remaining in the pharynx. Abnormalities affecting the upper esophageal sphincter, pharynx, larynx, or tongue, in isolation or combination, result in oropharyngeal dysphagia affecting either or both transit and airway protection. These issues can be addressed with a combination of management of the underlying systemic disease, with surgical intervention or with swallow therapy.
患有口咽吞咽困难的患者难以形成连贯的食团，或者难以将食物从口腔转移到咽和食管中，从而启动无意识的吞咽过程。这可能伴随着鼻咽反流、误吸以及食物残留在咽部的感觉。影响食管上括约肌、咽、喉或舌的异常，无论是单独发生还是组合发生，都会导致口咽吞咽困难，影响食物的通过或气道的保护。这些问题可以通过治疗潜在的系统性疾病、手术干预或吞咽治疗来解决。
