de Castro Manuela, Baptista José, Matos Cristina, Valente António, Briga-Sá Ana
ECT - School of Science and Technology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
ECT - School of Science and Technology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; CPES-INESC-TEC, UTAD's Pole, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jun 20;930:172383. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172383. Epub 2024 Apr 17.
The United Nations has issued a warning over the limited time for climate disaster prevention. In the last two decades, several countries have set targets to reduce fossil fuel usage and greenhouse gas emissions. These goals are tracked through the adoption of energy systems that prioritise efficiency and low-carbon alternatives, in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals outlined by the United Nations. In the winemaking sector, the wine produced in the European Union comprised 65 % of the worldwide total from 2014 to 2018, with vineyards making up 4.7 % of its farms in 2020. Electricity is the primary source of energy used in vineries, accounting for around 90 % of the total energy consumption. The energy consumption associated with winemaking is mostly attributed to two key processes: fermentation, which accounts for 45 % to 90 % of the entire energy consumption, and bottling and storage, which contribute around 18 % of the overall energy consumption. The aim of this article is to provide an integrated review of energy efficiency in wineries through examining 144 academic publications. The selected publications cover various aspects, including sustainable energy utilisation in the wine industry, thermal performance analysis of buildings, energy efficiency assessment of systems and technologies, and the integration of renewable energy sources. A link has been established between the geographic distribution of academic publications and wine-producing countries. In relation to European publications, it is observed that research funding is associated with the energy directives of the European Union. It can also be concluded that wine customers are pushing for environmentally friendly practices. However, not everyone in the winemaking sector is moving in the same direction or at the same pace. To identify areas for improvement, winemakers must have supporting tools to manage energy use. Systems optimisation, monitoring, and accounting can be used to decrease energy consumption in winemaking processes or equipment. Progresses on sustainable energy use through greater energy efficiency and share of renewable energies in the wineries can contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and consequently, brings the wine industry closer to climate neutrality.
联合国已就气候灾害预防的有限时间发出警告。在过去二十年中，多个国家设定了减少化石燃料使用和温室气体排放的目标。这些目标通过采用优先考虑效率和低碳替代方案的能源系统来跟踪，这与联合国概述的可持续发展目标相一致。在酿酒行业，2014年至2018年期间，欧盟生产的葡萄酒占全球总量的65%，2020年其葡萄园占农场总数的4.7%。电力是酿酒厂使用的主要能源，约占总能源消耗的90%。与酿酒相关的能源消耗主要归因于两个关键过程：发酵，占整个能源消耗的45%至90%；装瓶和储存，约占总能源消耗的18%。本文旨在通过审查144篇学术出版物，对酿酒厂的能源效率进行综合综述。所选出版物涵盖各个方面，包括葡萄酒行业的可持续能源利用、建筑物的热性能分析、系统和技术的能源效率评估以及可再生能源的整合。学术出版物的地理分布与葡萄酒生产国之间已建立起联系。关于欧洲的出版物，可以观察到研究资金与欧盟的能源指令相关。还可以得出结论，葡萄酒消费者正在推动环保做法。然而，酿酒行业并非所有人都朝着同一方向或以相同速度前进。为了确定改进领域，酿酒师必须拥有管理能源使用的支持工具。系统优化、监测和核算可用于降低酿酒过程或设备中的能源消耗。通过提高能源效率和增加酿酒厂可再生能源份额来实现可持续能源利用方面的进展，有助于减少温室气体排放，从而使葡萄酒行业更接近气候中和。
