Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, UP, 208016, India.
Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, UP, 208016, India; The Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, UP, 208016, India.
Environ Res. 2024 Jul 1;252(Pt 2):118969. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118969. Epub 2024 Apr 19.
Research laboratories generate a broad range of hazardous pharmacophoric chemical contaminants, from drugs to dyes used during various experimental procedures. In the recent past, biological methods have demonstrated great potential in the remediation of such contaminants. However, the presence of pharmacophoric chemicals containing antibiotics, xenobiotics, and heavy metals suppresses the growth and survivability of used microbial agents, thus decreasing the overall efficiency of biological remediation processes. Bacterial biofilm is a natural arrangement to counter some of these inhibitions but its use in a systemic manner, portable devices, and pollutant remediation plants post serious challenges. This could be countered by synthesizing a biodegradable carbon nanoparticle from bacterial biofilm. In this study, extracellular polymeric substance-based carbon nanoparticles (Bio-EPS-CNPs) were synthesized from bacterial biofilm derived from Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610, as a model bacterial system. The produced Bio-EPS-CNPs were investigated for physiochemical properties by dynamic light scattering, optical, Fourier-transformed infrared, and Raman spectroscopy techniques, whereas X-ray diffraction study, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate structural and morphological features. The Bio-EPS-CNPs exhibited negative surface charge with spherical morphology having a uniform size of sub-100 nm. The maximum remediation of some laboratory-produced pharmacophoric chemicals was achieved through a five-round scavenging process and confirmed by UV/Vis spectroscopic analysis with respect to the used pharmacophore. This bioinspired remediation of used pharmacophoric chemicals was achieved through the mechanism of surface adsorption via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, as revealed by different characterizations. Further experiments were performed to investigate the effects of pH, temperature, stirring, and the protocol of scavenging to establish Bio-EPS-CNP as a possible alternative to be used in research laboratories for efficient removal of pharmacophoric chemicals by incorporating it in a portable, filter-based device.
研究实验室会产生广泛的有害药效化学污染物，包括在各种实验过程中使用的药物和染料。在最近的过去，生物方法在这些污染物的修复方面显示出了巨大的潜力。然而，含有抗生素、外来化合物和重金属的药效化学物质的存在会抑制所使用的微生物制剂的生长和生存能力，从而降低生物修复过程的整体效率。细菌生物膜是一种应对这些抑制作用的自然排列方式，但将其系统地用于便携式设备和污染物修复工厂，并应对严重的挑战。这可以通过从细菌生物膜合成可生物降解的碳纳米粒子来克服。在这项研究中，从枯草芽孢杆菌 NCIB 3610 衍生的细菌生物膜中合成了基于细胞外聚合物质的碳纳米粒子（Bio-EPS-CNPs），作为一个模型细菌系统。通过动态光散射、光学、傅里叶变换红外和拉曼光谱技术研究了所产生的 Bio-EPS-CNPs 的物理化学性质，而 X 射线衍射研究、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜则用于研究结构和形态特征。Bio-EPS-CNPs 表现出带负电荷的球形形态，具有亚 100nm 的均匀尺寸。通过五轮清除过程实现了对一些实验室产生的药效化学物质的最大修复，并通过与使用的药效团相对应的 UV/Vis 光谱分析进行了确认。这种通过生物启发的对使用的药效化学物质的修复是通过表面吸附的机制实现的，该机制通过氢键和静电相互作用实现，这通过不同的特征得到了揭示。进一步的实验是为了研究 pH 值、温度、搅拌和清除方案的影响，以建立 Bio-EPS-CNP 作为一种可能的替代方法，通过将其纳入便携式、基于过滤器的设备中，用于在研究实验室中高效去除药效化学物质。
