Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jun 15;929:172445. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172445. Epub 2024 Apr 19.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals with neurotoxic properties. PFAS have been associated with depressive symptoms among women in some studies, but little research has evaluated the effects of PFAS mixtures. Further, no study has investigated interactions of PFAS-depression associations by perceived stress, which has been shown to modify the effects of PFAS on other health outcomes.
In a prospective cohort study of reproductive-aged Black women, we investigated associations between PFAS and depressive symptoms and the extent to which perceived stress modified these associations.
We analyzed data from 1499 participants (23-35 years) in the Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids. We quantified concentrations of nine PFAS in baseline plasma samples using online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Participants reported perceived stress via the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4; range = 0-16) at baseline and depressive symptoms via the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD; range = 0-44) at the 20-month follow-up visit. We used Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression to estimate associations between PFAS concentrations, individually and as a mixture, and depressive symptoms, and to assess effect modification by PSS-4 scores, adjusting for confounders.
Baseline perfluorodecanoic acid concentrations were associated with greater depressive symptoms at the 20-month follow-up, but associations for other PFAS were null. The PFAS were not associated with depressive symptoms when evaluated as a mixture. The association between the 90th percentile (vs. 50th percentile) of the PFAS mixture with CES-D scores was null at the 10th (β = 0.03; 95 % CrI = 0.20, 0.25), 50th (β = 0.02; 95 % CrI = -0.16, 0.19), and 90th (β = 0.01; 95 % CrI = 0.18, 0.20) percentiles of PSS-4 scores, suggesting perceived stress did not modify the PFAS mixture.
In this prospective cohort study, PFAS concentrations-assessed individually or as a mixture-were not appreciably associated with depressive symptoms, and there was no evidence of effect modification by perceived stress.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是具有神经毒性的内分泌干扰化学物质。一些研究表明，PFAS 与女性的抑郁症状有关，但很少有研究评估 PFAS 混合物的影响。此外，没有研究调查过感知压力对 PFAS 与抑郁关联的相互作用，而感知压力已被证明会改变 PFAS 对其他健康结果的影响。
在一项针对生殖年龄段黑人女性的前瞻性队列研究中，我们调查了 PFAS 与抑郁症状之间的关联，以及感知压力在多大程度上改变了这些关联。
我们分析了 1499 名（23-35 岁）纤维瘤环境、生活方式和纤维瘤研究参与者的基线血浆样本中 9 种 PFAS 的浓度，使用在线固相萃取-液相色谱-同位素稀释串联质谱法进行定量。参与者在基线时使用感知压力量表（PSS-4；范围=0-16）报告感知压力，在 20 个月的随访时使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D；范围=0-44）报告抑郁症状。我们使用贝叶斯核机器回归来估计 PFAS 浓度（个体和混合物）与抑郁症状之间的关联，并评估 PSS-4 评分对这些关联的修饰作用，同时调整混杂因素。
基线全氟癸酸浓度与 20 个月随访时的抑郁症状更严重相关，但其他 PFAS 的相关性为零。当评估为混合物时，PFAS 与抑郁症状无关。与 PFAS 混合物第 90 百分位数（vs. 50 百分位数）与 CES-D 评分的关联在第 10 个（β=0.03；95%CrI=0.20,0.25）、第 50 个（β=0.02；95%CrI=0.16,0.19）和第 90 个（β=0.01；95%CrI=0.18,0.20）PSS-4 评分百分位数时为零，表明感知压力没有修饰 PFAS 混合物。
在这项前瞻性队列研究中，PFAS 浓度（个体或混合物）与抑郁症状没有明显关联，且感知压力没有证据表明存在修饰作用。
