Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Biomedica. 2024 Mar 31;44(1):35-44. doi: 10.7705/biomedica.6926.
Metabolic bone disease of premature infants is a rare complication characterized by a lower mineral content in bone tissue.
To establish the incidence of metabolic bone disease in premature infants and to determine associated risk factors.
We conducted a descriptive prospective cohort study for one year in all newborns under 32 gestational weeks, or 1,500 g, at the Hospital Universitario de Santander to determine the incidence of metabolic bone disease. We collected demographic data and prenatal histories of the selected patients, and later, we measured serum alkaline phosphatase and serum phosphorus at the third week of birth, having as reference values for diagnosis less than 5.6 mg/dl for the first one and more than 500 UI/L for the second one. We applied statistical tools for data analysis, such as average proportions, dispersion, distribution and association measures, and binomial regression.
From a total of 58 patients, 7 had a diagnosis of metabolic bone disease, with an incidence of 12%. The weight was reported as an independent variable for the development of the disease, being significant in children under 1,160 g, as well as prolonged parenteral nutrition for more than 24 days. When performing the multivariate analysis, low weight and short time of parenteral nutrition appeared as risk factors; in the same way, maternal age below 22 years is associated with a higher relative risk, even more than a newborn weight inferior to 1,160 g.
Establishing an early intervention in patients with metabolic bone disease enhancing risk factors, such as low weight and prolonged parenteral nutrition, is critical to prevent severe complications.
早产儿代谢性骨病是一种罕见的并发症，其特征是骨组织中的矿物质含量较低。
确定早产儿代谢性骨病的发病率，并确定相关的危险因素。
我们在 Santander 大学医院对所有胎龄小于 32 周或体重小于 1500 克的新生儿进行了为期一年的描述性前瞻性队列研究，以确定代谢性骨病的发病率。我们收集了选定患者的人口统计学数据和产前史，然后在出生后的第三周测量血清碱性磷酸酶和血清磷，将第一个值小于 5.6mg/dl 和第二个值大于 500UI/L 作为诊断参考值。我们应用了数据分析的统计工具，如平均比例、离散度、分布和关联度量以及二项式回归。
在总共 58 名患者中，有 7 名被诊断为代谢性骨病，发病率为 12%。体重被报告为该疾病发展的独立变量，在体重低于 1160 克的儿童中以及在超过 24 天的肠外营养中更为显著。在进行多变量分析时，低体重和短时间的肠外营养似乎是危险因素；同样，母亲年龄低于 22 岁与更高的相对风险相关，甚至超过体重低于 1160 克的新生儿。
对于代谢性骨病患者，确定早期干预并加强低体重和延长肠外营养等危险因素对于预防严重并发症至关重要。
