防治疟蚊的几种本地植物的驱避和杀幼虫特性。
Repellent and larvicidal properties of selected indigenous plants in the control of Anopheles mosquitoes.
机构信息
Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
出版信息
J Vector Borne Dis. 2024 Jan 1;61(1):90-100. doi: 10.4103/0972-9062.392267. Epub 2024 Mar 23.
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES
Widespread pyrethroid resistance and plastic-feeding behaviour of most malaria vectors across Africa threaten the efficacy of current insecticide-based vector control interventions like Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS). This study examined the larvicidal activity ofMorinda citrifolia against Anopheles gambiae larvae and the repellent properties of Morinda citrifolia (Noni), Moringa oleifera (Moringa), and Ocimum basilicum (Basil) as complementary vector control tools against Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.).
METHODS
Noni, Basil, and Moringa oil extracts were obtained with the extraction techniques; Soxhlet, steam distillation and maceration respectively, using hexane and ethanol. The effectiveness of the extracts was assessed using the WHO standard larval susceptibility bioassay and guidelines for repellent efficacy. Following bioassays, effective doses (ED) and lethal concentrations (LC) were determined. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy analysis was performed to identify the bioactive chemical components of the extracts of Moringa oleifera and Ocimum basilicum.
RESULTS
Emulsified Morinda citrifolia seed oil had LC50=68.3, LC90=130.9 and LC99.9=222.5, and ED99. 9=308.3%v/v, the ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves had ED99.9= 1.25g/ml, and essential oil of Ocimum basilicum leaves had ED99.9=0.28g/ml against Anopheles gambiae.
INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION
The results obtained indicated that seed oil of Morinda citrifolia, essential oil of Ocimum basilicum, and crude extract of Moringa oleifera have repellent activity against An. gambiae s.l. The complete protection time (CPT) of Morinda citrifolia, Moringa oleifera, and Ocimum basilicum was 120 min, 72 min and 84 min at ED99.9 respectively. Morinda citrifolia oil exhibited larvicidal effects against the larvae of An. gambiae s.l. The results provide valuable information for the use of the plants as biocides.
背景与目的
在非洲，大多数疟疾传播媒介对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂广泛产生抗药性，且存在嗜食塑料的行为，这对当前基于杀虫剂的病媒控制干预措施（如经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐（ITN）和室内滞留喷洒（IRS））的效果构成了威胁。本研究旨在检测辣木（Morinda citrifolia）对冈比亚按蚊（Anopheles gambiae）幼虫的杀幼虫活性，并评估辣木（Noni）、辣木叶（Moringa oleifera）和罗勒（Ocimum basilicum）的驱避特性，作为针对冈比亚按蚊（Anopheles gambiae）的补充病媒控制工具。
方法
采用索氏提取法、水蒸气蒸馏法和浸渍法，用正己烷和乙醇分别提取辣木种子油、罗勒叶精油和辣木叶油提取物。采用世界卫生组织（WHO）标准幼虫敏感性生物测定和驱避效果指南评估提取物的效果。进行生物测定后，确定有效剂量（ED）和致死浓度（LC）。采用气相色谱-质谱分析（GC-MS）对辣木叶和罗勒叶提取物的生物活性化学成分进行鉴定。
结果
乳化辣木籽油的 LC50=68.3、LC90=130.9 和 LC99.9=222.5，ED99.9=308.3%v/v；辣木叶乙醇提取物的 ED99.9=1.25g/ml；罗勒叶精油的 ED99.9=0.28g/ml，对冈比亚按蚊均有作用。
结论
研究结果表明，辣木籽油、罗勒叶精油和辣木叶粗提物对冈比亚按蚊具有驱避活性。辣木、辣木叶和罗勒叶的完全保护时间（CPT）分别为 ED99.9 的 120 分钟、72 分钟和 84 分钟。辣木籽油对冈比亚按蚊幼虫具有杀幼虫作用。本研究结果为植物作为杀生物剂的应用提供了有价值的信息。
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