坦桑尼亚东北部一些驱蚊植物的民族植物学研究。
Ethnobotanical study of some of mosquito repellent plants in north-eastern Tanzania.
作者信息
Kweka Eliningaya J, Mosha Franklin, Lowassa Asanterabi, Mahande Aneth M, Kitau Jovin, Matowo Johnson, Mahande Michael J, Massenga Charles P, Tenu Filemoni, Feston Emmanuel, Lyatuu Ester E, Mboya Michael A, Mndeme Rajabu, Chuwa Grace, Temu Emmanuel A
机构信息
Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, Division of Livestock and Human Disease Vectors Control, P,O, Box 3024, Arusha,Tanzania.
出版信息
Malar J. 2008 Aug 7;7:152. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-7-152.
BACKGROUND
The use of plant repellents against nuisance biting insects is common and its potential for malaria vector control requires evaluation in areas with different level of malaria endemicity. The essential oils of Ocimum suave and Ocimum kilimandscharicum were evaluated against malaria vectors in north-eastern Tanzania.
METHODOLOGY
An ethnobotanical study was conducted at Moshi in Kilimanjaro region north-eastern Tanzania, through interviews, to investigate the range of species of plants used as insect repellents. Also, bioassays were used to evaluate the protective potential of selected plants extracts against mosquitoes.
RESULTS
The plant species mostly used as repellent at night are: fresh or smoke of the leaves of O. suave and O. kilimandscharicum (Lamiaceae), Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae), Eucalyptus globules (Myrtaceae) and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae). The most popular repellents were O. kilimandscharicum (OK) and O. suave (OS) used by 67% out of 120 households interviewed. Bioassay of essential oils of the two Ocimum plants was compared with citronella and DEET to study the repellence and feeding inhibition of untreated and treated arms of volunteers. Using filter papers impregnated with Ocimum extracts, knockdown effects and mortality was investigated on malaria mosquito Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae, including a nuisance mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus. High biting protection (83% to 91%) and feeding inhibition (71.2% to 92.5%) was observed against three species of mosquitoes. Likewise the extracts of Ocimum plants induced KD90 of longer time in mosquitoes than citronella, a standard botanical repellent. Mortality induced by standard dosage of 30 mg/m2 on filter papers, scored after 24 hours was 47.3% for OK and 57% for OS, compared with 67.7% for citronella.
CONCLUSION
The use of whole plants and their products as insect repellents is common among village communities of north-eastern Tanzania and the results indicate that the use of O. suave and O. kilimandscharicum as a repellent would be beneficial in reducing vector biting. The widespread use of this approach has a potential to complement other control measures.
背景
使用植物驱避剂来抵御令人讨厌的叮咬昆虫很常见，其在不同疟疾流行程度地区用于控制疟疾媒介的潜力需要评估。在坦桑尼亚东北部对柔紫罗勒和东非紫罗勒的精油进行了针对疟疾媒介的评估。
方法
在坦桑尼亚东北部乞力马扎罗地区的莫希进行了一项民族植物学研究，通过访谈来调查用作驱虫剂的植物种类范围。此外，还使用生物测定法来评估所选植物提取物对蚊子的防护潜力。
结果
夜间最常被用作驱避剂的植物种类有：柔紫罗勒和东非紫罗勒（唇形科）、印楝（楝科）、蓝桉（桃金娘科）和马缨丹（马鞭草科）的新鲜叶子或烟熏叶子。在接受访谈的120户家庭中，最受欢迎的驱避剂是东非紫罗勒（OK）和柔紫罗勒（OS），使用的家庭占67%。将两种罗勒属植物的精油生物测定结果与香茅油和避蚊胺进行比较，以研究志愿者未处理和处理手臂的驱蚊和摄食抑制情况。使用浸渍了罗勒属植物提取物的滤纸，对阿拉伯按蚊、冈比亚按蚊这两种疟疾蚊子以及骚扰阿蚊致倦库蚊进行击倒效果和死亡率调查。观察到对这三种蚊子具有较高的叮咬防护率（83%至91%）和摄食抑制率（71.2%至92.5%）。同样，罗勒属植物提取物在蚊子身上诱导击倒90%蚊子所需的时间比标准植物驱避剂香茅油更长。在滤纸上以30毫克/平方米的标准剂量处理后，24小时记录的死亡率，东非紫罗勒为47.3%，柔紫罗勒为57%，而香茅油为67.7%。
结论
在坦桑尼亚东北部的乡村社区，使用整株植物及其产品作为驱虫剂很常见，结果表明使用柔紫罗勒和东非紫罗勒作为驱避剂将有助于减少媒介叮咬。这种方法的广泛使用有可能补充其他控制措施。
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