Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Imunologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Brazil.
Cytokine. 2024 Jul;179:156621. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156621. Epub 2024 Apr 21.
Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the hemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The control of the infection depends of the innate and acquired immune response of host. Moreover, CD plays a significant role in the immune response, and, in this context, microalgae can be an interesting alternative due to its immunomodulatory and trypanocidal effects. This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, immunomodulatory potentials of the aqueous extracts of Chlorella vulgaris and Tetradesmus obliquus. Both microalgae extracts (ME) were obtained by sonication, and the selectivity index (SI) was determined by assays of inhibitory concentration (IC) in T. cruzi trypomastigotes cells; as well as the cytotoxic concentrations (CC) in human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC). The immune response was evaluated in T. cruzi-infected PBMC using the IC value. ME led to inhibition of T. cruzi trypomastigotes after 24 h of treatment, in which the IC values were 112.1 µg/ml to C. vulgaris and 15.8 µg ml to T. obliquus. On the other hand, C. vulgaris did not affect the viability of PBMCs in concentrations up to 1000 µg ml, while T. obliquus was non-toxic to PBMCs in concentrations up to 253.44 µg ml. In addition, T. obliquus displayed a higher SI against T. cruzi (SI = 16.8), when compared with C. vulgaris (SI = 8.9). C. vulgaris decreased the levels of IFN, indicating a reduction of the inflammatory process; while T. obliquus displayed an interesting immunomodulatory effect, since discretely increased the levels of TNF and stimulated the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. This study confirms that ME are effective against T. cruzi trypomastigotes, and may able to control the parasitemia and preventing the progress of CD while regulating the inflammatory process.
恰加斯病（CD）是由血鞭毛原生动物克氏锥虫引起的。感染的控制取决于宿主的固有和获得性免疫反应。此外，CD 在免疫反应中起着重要作用，在这种情况下，微藻由于其免疫调节和杀锥虫作用可能是一个有趣的选择。本研究旨在体外评估小球藻和四棱藻水提物的免疫调节潜力。通过超声处理获得两种微藻提取物（ME），并通过测定 T. cruzi 锥虫细胞的抑制浓度（IC）来确定选择性指数（SI）；以及在人外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中的细胞毒性浓度（CC）。在 T. cruzi 感染的 PBMC 中，通过 IC 值评估免疫反应。ME 在处理 24 小时后导致 T. cruzi 锥虫体的抑制，其中 IC 值分别为 112.1µg/ml 对 C. vulgaris 和 15.8µg/ml 对 T. obliquus。另一方面，C. vulgaris 在高达 1000µg/ml 的浓度下不影响 PBMC 的活力，而 T. obliquus 在高达 253.44µg/ml 的浓度下对 PBMC 无毒性。此外，与 C. vulgaris（SI=8.9）相比，T. obliquus 对 T. cruzi 的 SI 更高（SI=16.8）。C. vulgaris 降低了 IFN 的水平，表明炎症过程减少；而 T. obliquus 表现出有趣的免疫调节作用，因为它轻微增加了 TNF 的水平并刺激抗炎细胞因子 IL-10 的产生。本研究证实 ME 对 T. cruzi 锥虫体有效，并且能够在调节炎症过程的同时控制寄生虫血症和预防 CD 的进展。
