Amundsen Roar, Heimland Janita Sæther, Thorarinsdottir Solveig, Møller Merete, Bahr Roald
Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Transl Sports Med. 2022 Aug 31;2022:7133928. doi: 10.1155/2022/7133928. eCollection 2022.
The evidence-based hamstring strengthening programme for prevention of hamstring injuries is not adopted by football teams because of its high training volume. This study on female football players investigated if high-volume training with the Nordic hamstring exercise is more effective on hamstring strength, jump height, and sprint performance than low-volume training. We also examined the time course of changes in muscle strength during the intervention period. Forty-five female football players were randomised to a high- (21 sessions, 538 total reps) or low-volume group (10 sessions, 144 total reps) and performed an 8-week training intervention with the Nordic hamstring exercise during the preseason. We tested hamstring strength (maximal eccentric force with NordBord and maximal eccentric torque with isokinetic dynamometer), jump height, and 40 m sprint before and after the intervention. The NordBord test was also performed during training weeks 4 and 6. Both groups increased maximal eccentric force (high-volume: 29 N (10%), 95% CI: 19-38 N, < 0.001, low-volume: 37 N (13%), 95% CI: 18-55 N, = 0.001), but there were no between-group differences ( = 0.38). Maximal eccentric torque, jump height, and sprint performance did not change. Maximal eccentric force increased from the pretest to week 6 (20 N (7%), 95% CI: 8 to 31 N, < 0.001), but not week 4 (8 N (3%), 95% CI: -2 to 18 N, = 0.22). High training volume with the Nordic hamstrings exercise did not lead to greater adaptations in strength, jump height, or speed than a low-volume programme. Players in both groups had to train for at least 6 weeks to improve maximal eccentric force significantly.
基于证据的预防腘绳肌损伤的腘绳肌强化训练计划未被足球队采用，因为其训练量很大。这项针对女子足球运动员的研究调查了与低训练量训练相比，进行高训练量的北欧腘绳肌练习对腘绳肌力量、跳跃高度和短跑成绩是否更有效。我们还研究了干预期间肌肉力量变化的时间过程。45名女子足球运动员被随机分为高训练量组（21节训练课，共538次重复动作）或低训练量组（10节训练课，共144次重复动作），并在季前赛期间进行了为期8周的北欧腘绳肌练习训练干预。我们在干预前后测试了腘绳肌力量（使用NordBord测试最大离心力和使用等速测力计测试最大离心扭矩）、跳跃高度和40米短跑成绩。在训练的第4周和第6周也进行了NordBord测试。两组的最大离心力均有所增加（高训练量组：增加29N（10%），95%置信区间：19 - 38N，P < 0.001；低训练量组：增加37N（13%），95%置信区间：18 - 55N，P = 0.001），但组间差异不显著（P = 0.38）。最大离心扭矩、跳跃高度和短跑成绩没有变化。最大离心力从预测试到第6周增加（20N（7%），95%置信区间：8至31N，P < 0.001），但到第4周时未增加（8N（3%），95%置信区间： - 2至18N，P = 0.22）。与低训练量计划相比，高训练量的北欧腘绳肌练习在力量、跳跃高度或速度方面并未带来更大的适应性变化。两组球员都必须训练至少6周才能显著提高最大离心力。
