University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
Stronger by Science LLC, Raleigh, North Carolina; and.
J Strength Cond Res. 2020 May;34(5):1448-1460. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003521.
Roberts, BM, Nuckols, G, and Krieger, JW. Sex differences in resistance training: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1448-1460, 2020-The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are different responses to resistance training for strength or hypertrophy in young to middle-aged males and females using the same resistance training protocol. The protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018094276). Meta-analyses were performed using robust variance random effects modeling for multilevel data structures, with adjustments for small samples using package robumeta in R. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The analysis of hypertrophy comprised 12 outcomes from 10 studies with no significant difference between males and females (effect size [ES] = 0.07 ± 0.06; P = 0.31; I = 0). The analysis of upper-body strength comprised 19 outcomes from 17 studies with a significant effect favoring females (ES = -0.60 ± 0.16; P = 0.002; I = 72.1). The analysis of lower-body strength comprised 23 outcomes from 23 studies with no significant difference between sexes (ES = -0.21 ± 0.16; P = 0.20; I = 74.7). We found that males and females adapted to resistance training with similar effect sizes for hypertrophy and lower-body strength, but females had a larger effect for relative upper-body strength. Given the moderate effect size favoring females in the upper-body strength analysis, it is possible that untrained females display a higher capacity to increase upper-body strength than males. Further research is required to clarify why this difference occurs only in the upper body and whether the differences are due to neural, muscular, motor learning, or are an artifact of the short duration of studies included.
罗伯茨、努克斯和克里格。抗阻训练中的性别差异：系统评价和荟萃分析。J 力量与体能研究 34（5）：1448-1460，2020。本研究旨在确定使用相同的抗阻训练方案，年轻至中年男性和女性在力量或肥大方面对抗阻训练的反应是否存在差异。该方案已在 PROSPERO（CRD42018094276）中预先注册。使用 R 中的 robust variance random effects 建模进行荟萃分析，对小样本进行调整，使用 robumeta 包。统计显著性设置为 P < 0.05。肥大分析包括 10 项研究的 12 项结果，男性和女性之间无显著差异（效应大小[ES] = 0.07 ± 0.06；P = 0.31；I = 0）。上半身力量分析包括 17 项研究的 19 项结果，女性有明显优势（ES = -0.60 ± 0.16；P = 0.002；I = 72.1）。下半身力量分析包括 23 项研究的 23 项结果，性别之间无显著差异（ES = -0.21 ± 0.16；P = 0.20；I = 74.7）。我们发现，男性和女性对抗阻训练的适应具有相似的肥大和下半身力量效应大小，但女性的相对上半身力量效应更大。鉴于上半身力量分析中女性的优势效应大小适中，未受过训练的女性可能具有更高的增加上半身力量的能力。需要进一步研究来阐明为什么这种差异仅在上半身出现，以及差异是否是由于神经、肌肉、运动学习，还是由于纳入研究的持续时间短造成的。
