Örebro University, School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, Sweden; Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Australia.
Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Australia.
Sleep Med Rev. 2024 Aug;76:101933. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101933. Epub 2024 Apr 15.
The link between technology and sleep is more complex than originally thought. In this updated theoretical review, we propose a new model informed by the growing body of evidence in the area over the past 10 years. The main theoretical change is the addition of bi-directional links between the use of technology and sleep problems. We begin by reviewing the evidence to date for the originally proposed mechanisms of bright light, arousal, nighttime sleep disruptions, and sleep displacement. Then, in support of the new direction of effect (sleep problems preceding technology use), we propose two new mechanisms: technology before sleep might be used as a time filler and/or as an emotional regulation strategy to facilitate the sleep-onset process. Finally, we present potential moderators of the association between technology and sleep, in recognition of protective and vulnerability factors that may mitigate or exacerbate the effects of technology on sleep and vice versa. The goal of this theoretical review is to update the field, guide future public health messages, and to prompt new research into how much technology and sleep affect each other, for whom it may be problematic, and which mechanisms may explain their association.
技术与睡眠之间的关系比最初想象的要复杂。在这篇经过更新的理论综述中，我们根据过去 10 年该领域不断增加的证据，提出了一个新的模型。主要的理论变化是在技术使用和睡眠问题之间增加了双向联系。我们首先回顾了迄今为止关于强光、觉醒、夜间睡眠中断和睡眠移位等最初提出的机制的证据。然后，为了支持新的效应方向（睡眠问题先于技术使用），我们提出了两个新的机制：睡前使用技术可能是填补时间的一种方式，或者是一种情绪调节策略，以促进入睡过程。最后，我们提出了技术与睡眠之间关联的潜在调节因素，以认识到保护和脆弱因素可能会减轻或加剧技术对睡眠的影响，反之亦然。本理论综述的目的是更新该领域，指导未来的公共卫生信息，并促使人们开展新的研究，以了解技术和睡眠相互影响的程度、对哪些人有问题，以及哪些机制可以解释它们之间的关联。
