Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, Örebro, Sweden.
Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, Örebro, Sweden.
Sleep Health. 2016 Sep;2(3):211-218. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2016.05.006. Epub 2016 Jul 4.
The first aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sleep deficit in a large sample of adolescents. Second, the study aimed to assess whether short sleep duration in the sample was associated with emotional and behavioral problems. Lastly, the study aimed to investigate the association between daily stressors--bedtime activities and sleep duration.
Cross-sectional survey.
The questionnaires were completed during school hours in 17 municipal junior high schools in Sweden.
A total of 2767 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years, 48% girls.
Sleep measures included total sleep time (TST) for schooldays and weekends, obtained as combined measures of self-reported bed-time, wake-time, and sleep onset latency. We used the new National Sleep Foundation's guidelines to operationalize sleep duration. Overall 12% of younger adolescents (age 12-13 years) and 18% of older adolescents (14-16 years) slept less than recommended (TST < 7 hours). Adolescents reporting nonrecommended TST also reported more behavioral (ie, norm-breaking behaviors) and emotional problems (ie, depression, anxiety, and anger), with effects in the small-medium range. Finally, adolescents reporting bedtime arousal and use of information and communication technology in bed were more likely to report TST < 7 hours. Stress at home (for younger adolescents) and stress of school performance (for older adolescents) were also associated with TST less than 7 hours.
The new National Sleep Foundation's recommendations were informative in this context. Future sleep interventions need to target barriers to good sleep practices, such as use of information and communication technology, stress, and worry that may contribute to arousal at bedtime.
本研究的首要目的是评估大量青少年中睡眠不足的流行率。其次，研究旨在评估样本中睡眠时间短是否与情绪和行为问题相关。最后，研究旨在调查日间压力源（睡前活动和睡眠时间）与睡眠之间的关系。
横断面调查。
调查问卷在瑞典 17 所市立初中的上课时间内完成。
共有 2767 名 12 至 16 岁的青少年，其中 48%为女性。
睡眠测量包括上学日和周末的总睡眠时间（TST），通过自我报告的就寝时间、起床时间和入睡潜伏期的综合测量获得。我们使用新的国家睡眠基金会的指导方针来操作睡眠时间。总体而言，12%的年轻青少年（12-13 岁）和 18%的年长青少年（14-16 岁）睡眠时间少于推荐值（TST<7 小时）。报告 TST 低于推荐值的青少年也报告了更多的行为（即违反规范的行为）和情绪问题（即抑郁、焦虑和愤怒），其影响处于小-中范围。最后，报告睡前觉醒以及在床上使用信息和通信技术的青少年更有可能报告 TST<7 小时。家庭压力（对年轻青少年而言）和学校表现的压力（对年长青少年而言）也与 TST 少于 7 小时相关。
新的国家睡眠基金会的建议在这种情况下具有启发性。未来的睡眠干预措施需要针对良好睡眠实践的障碍，例如使用信息和通信技术、压力和担忧，这些因素可能导致睡前觉醒。
