Perspect Biol Med. 2023;66(1):179-194. doi: 10.1353/pbm.2023.0010.
In The Trusted Doctor: Medical Ethics and Professionalism (2020), Rosamond Rhodes presents a new theory of medical ethics based on 16 duties she considers central to medical ethics and professionalism. She asserts that her theory is "bioethical heresy," as it contradicts established "principlism" and "common morality" approaches to ethics in medicine. Rhodes advocates the development of parallelism between clinical and ethical decision-making and a systematic approach that emphasizes duties over principles and rules to facilitate the development of a "doctorly character" among medical decision-makers. Rhodes further asserts that her theory and approach necessitate the cultivation of virtues contained in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics. But Rhodes's insistence that "medical professionals," not just doctors, are covered by her theory is open to critique, as is her conflation of ethic and morals, especially around the question of the "doctorly character" upon which her duty-based theory hinges. This assessment argues that applicants to medical schools and allied health training programs be screened for specific virtues-honesty, diligence, curiosity, and compassion-to facilitate reinforcement of these pre-professionalized inclinations throughout the habituation processes of medical training. This would increase the probability of turning fear and hope to cure and care via reasoning and affective models performed within an ethical medical framework-even while what this ethical framework should reference remains under debate.
在《可信赖的医生：医学伦理与专业精神》（2020 年）一书中，罗莎蒙德·罗兹提出了一种新的医学伦理理论，该理论基于她认为对医学伦理和专业精神至关重要的 16 项职责。她断言，她的理论是“医学伦理中的异端邪说”，因为它与既定的“原则主义”和“共同道德”医学伦理方法相矛盾。罗兹主张在临床和伦理决策之间建立平行关系，并采取系统方法，强调职责优先于原则和规则，以促进医疗决策制定者形成“医生性格”。罗兹进一步断言，她的理论和方法需要培养亚里士多德《尼各马可伦理学》中包含的美德。但是，罗兹坚持认为她的理论不仅涵盖医生，还涵盖“医疗专业人员”，这一点值得批评，她将伦理和道德混为一谈，尤其是在她的基于职责的理论所依赖的“医生性格”问题上。这一评估认为，医学院和相关健康培训项目的申请人应该接受特定美德的筛选——诚实、勤奋、好奇和同情心——以促进在医学培训的习惯养成过程中强化这些尚未专业化的倾向。这将增加通过伦理医学框架内的推理和情感模型来实现对治愈和护理的恐惧和希望的可能性，即使这个伦理框架应该参考什么仍然存在争议。
