Curelaru I, Gustavsson B, Wojciechowski J, Zachrisson B F, Hultman E, Linder L E
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl. 1985;81:32-5.
In order to develop a "half-way" venous catheter for clinical use, anthropometric (n = 200), radiographic (n = 101), and phlebographic (n = 44) investigations were undertaken to determine the lengths, diameters, and morphology of the basilic and cephalic veins from fossa cubiti to the lateral edge of the first rib. The lengths of basilic and cephalic veins varied from 25 to 45 cm, exceeding 40 cm in approximately 5% of cases. Catheter lengths to be inserted were correlated ("r" = 0.6-0.7) with body heights, accurately estimated by 1/5 of the body height (cm) plus 2 cm for the basilic vein, and 4 cm for the cephalic vein. The cephalic veins have small proximal end diameters (mean = 6 mm), and present terminal arches of 2-3 cm. These are connected by a rich anastomotic network to the superficial cervical veins. The basilico-axillary courses are regular with gradually increasing diameters (mean = 16 mm), but in some observations, with the arms maximally abducted, the axillary veins presented accentuated folds. With these considerations, we recommend the insertion of the "half-way" catheters by basilic approach with the patient's arm in 90 degree abduction. The axillosubclavian length (mean = 18.5 cm) ensures wide limits for accurate placement of the "half-way" catheter tips when a basilic approach is used. Further, their large diameters (16-19 mm) make flotation of the soft catheters probable.
为开发一种临床使用的“半程”静脉导管，进行了人体测量（n = 200）、放射成像（n = 101）和静脉造影（n = 44）研究，以确定从肘窝到第一肋外侧缘的贵要静脉和头静脉的长度、直径及形态。贵要静脉和头静脉的长度在25至45厘米之间变化，约5%的病例超过40厘米。插入导管的长度与身高相关（“r” = 0.6 - 0.7），贵要静脉可通过身高（厘米）的1/5加2厘米准确估算，头静脉则加4厘米。头静脉近端直径较小（平均 = 6毫米），有2至3厘米的终末弓。这些终末弓通过丰富的吻合网络与颈浅静脉相连。贵要静脉 - 腋静脉走行规则，直径逐渐增大（平均 = 16毫米），但在一些观察中，当手臂最大程度外展时，腋静脉出现明显褶皱。基于这些考虑，我们建议在患者手臂外展90度时经贵要静脉途径插入“半程”导管。当采用贵要静脉途径时，腋 - 锁骨下静脉长度（平均 = 18.5厘米）为“半程”导管尖端的准确放置提供了广阔的范围。此外，它们的大直径（16 - 19毫米）使软导管能够漂浮。
