Yang Tze-Yi, Chang Tung-Yao
Department of Fetal Medicine, Taiji Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan.
J Med Ultrasound. 2024 Mar 21;32(1):8-13. doi: 10.4103/jmu.jmu_123_23. eCollection 2024 Jan-Mar.
Orofacial clefts (OFCs), including cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and CL with palate (CL/P), are relatively common congenital birth defects occurring in approximately 1 in 500 to 1 in 2500 live births. Detecting OFCs during prenatal ultrasound screening is crucial for informed decision-making and multidisciplinary medical care. This review provides a practical guide for routine and advanced screening for OFCs during mid-pregnancy. The Maarse classification system facilitates effective communication among the multidisciplinary team, categorizing OFCs into five types. Basic ultrasound views encompass coronal, sagittal, and axial imaging of the face and hard palate. Additional visualization techniques are employed in case of suspected anomalies during the initial screening. Advanced ultrasound views provided by the expert in prenatal OFC diagnosis include imaging of the posterior edge of the hard palate and the posterior part of the soft palate. Detected OFCs exhibit a range of severity and affect different structures, underscoring the importance of accurate detection and classification for appropriate treatment planning. Implementing a standardized screening protocol for OFCs is essential. By enhancing detection rates and enabling early diagnosis, prenatal ultrasound screening contributes to improved patient outcomes and facilitates timely intervention by the multidisciplinary team. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the significance of standardized protocols and specialized techniques for prenatal ultrasound screening of OFCs. Early detection and classification of these malformations play a vital role in comprehensive management, ensuring that affected individuals and their families receive the appropriate care and support they need.
口腔颌面部裂隙（OFCs），包括唇裂（CL）、腭裂（CP）和唇腭裂（CL/P），是相对常见的先天性出生缺陷，在每500至2500例活产中约有1例发生。在产前超声筛查期间检测OFCs对于做出明智的决策和多学科医疗护理至关重要。本综述为孕中期OFCs的常规和高级筛查提供了实用指南。马尔塞分类系统有助于多学科团队之间的有效沟通，将OFCs分为五种类型。基本超声视图包括面部和硬腭的冠状、矢状和轴位成像。在初次筛查期间若怀疑有异常，则采用额外的可视化技术。产前OFC诊断专家提供的高级超声视图包括硬腭后缘和软腭后部的成像。检测到的OFCs表现出一系列严重程度，并影响不同结构，这突出了准确检测和分类对于适当治疗计划的重要性。实施标准化的OFCs筛查方案至关重要。通过提高检测率并实现早期诊断，产前超声筛查有助于改善患者预后，并促进多学科团队的及时干预。总之，本综述强调了标准化方案和专门技术在产前超声筛查OFCs中的重要性。这些畸形的早期检测和分类在综合管理中起着至关重要的作用，确保受影响的个体及其家庭获得他们所需的适当护理和支持。
