Diabetes Research Unit. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C.
Nutr Hosp. 2024 Aug 29;41(4):897-905. doi: 10.20960/nh.04847.
The objective of this review is to study the relationship between food insecurity (FI) and malnutrition in schoolchildren from low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). The review was conducted using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, LILACS and SCiELO during the months of March to April 2022 without language or publication date restrictions. The search strategy consisted of combinations of text words and controlled vocabulary (MeSH terms and DeCS) related to "schoolchildren", "low- and middle-income countries" and "food insecurity". Fifteen studies were included in this review. Studies assessing FI and undernutrition in LMIC schoolchildren have indicated that FI is associated with lower height-for-age and higher prevalence of undernutrition overall. Only two studies identified a positive risk association between FI and overweight and obesity, the remaining studies suggested that schoolchildren with FI have a lower risk of overweight and obesity than those without FI. The review suggests a link between FI and undernutrition in schoolchildren from LMIC, with controversial results on overweight and obesity. Comprehensive public health policies should consider contextual and population-specific factors in addressing FI's impact on nutritional status.
本次综述的目的是研究中低收入国家（LMIC）学龄儿童的食物不安全与营养不良之间的关系。本综述于 2022 年 3 月至 4 月期间在 PubMed、MEDLINE、CENTRAL、LILACS 和 SCiELO 数据库中进行，无语言或出版日期限制。检索策略由与“学龄儿童”、“中低收入国家”和“食物不安全”相关的文本词和受控词汇（MeSH 术语和 DeCS）的组合组成。本综述共纳入了 15 项研究。评估 LMIC 学龄儿童食物不安全和营养不足的研究表明，食物不安全与较低的身高-年龄比和较高的营养不良总体患病率相关。只有两项研究确定了食物不安全与超重和肥胖之间存在正风险关联，其余研究表明，与没有食物不安全的儿童相比，有食物不安全的儿童超重和肥胖的风险较低。该综述表明，中低收入国家学龄儿童的食物不安全与营养不良之间存在关联，但超重和肥胖的结果存在争议。全面的公共卫生政策应考虑到具体国情和人口因素，以解决食物不安全对营养状况的影响。
