Kotb Essam, Al-Abdalall Amira H, Ababutain Ibtisam, AlAhmady Nada F, Aldossary Sahar, Alkhaldi Eida, Alghamdi Azzah I, Alzahrani Hind A S, Almuhawish Mashael A, Alshammary Moudhi N, Ahmed Asmaa A
Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Apr 10;13(4):347. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13040347.
An endophytic symbiont -producing anticandidal siderophore was recovered from mangrove leaves for the first time. Production was optimal in a succinate medium supplemented with 0.4% citric acid and 15 µM iron at pH 7 and 35 °C after 60 h of fermentation. UV spectra of the acidic preparation after purification with Amberlite XAD-4 resin gave a peak at 400 nm, while the neutralized form gave a peak at 360 nm. A prominent peak with RP-HPLC was obtained at RT 18.95 min, confirming its homogeneity. It was pH stable at 5.0-9.5 and thermally stable at elevated temperatures, which encourages the possibility of its application in extreme environments. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) against spp. Were in the range of 128 µg/mL and lower. It enhanced the intracellular iron accumulation with 3.2-4.2-fold (as judged by atomic absorption spectrometry) with a subsequent increase in the intracellular antioxidative enzymes SOD and CAT. Furthermore, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration due to cellular lipid peroxidation increased to 3.8-fold and 7.3-fold in and , respectively. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed cellular damage in the form of roughness, malformation, and production of defensive exopolysaccharides and/or proteins after exposure to siderophore. In conclusion, this anticandidal siderophore may be a promising biocontrol, nonpolluting agent against waterborne pathogens and pathogens of the skin. It indirectly kills spp. by ferroptosis and mediation of hyperaccumulation of iron rather than directly attacking the cell targets, which triggers the activation of antioxidative enzymes.
首次从红树林叶片中分离出一种产生抗念珠菌铁载体的内生共生菌。在补充有0.4%柠檬酸和15 µM铁的琥珀酸培养基中,于pH 7和35 °C条件下发酵60小时后产量最佳。用Amberlite XAD - 4树脂纯化后的酸性制剂的紫外光谱在400 nm处有一个峰值,而中和形式在360 nm处有一个峰值。RP - HPLC在保留时间18.95分钟处有一个突出的峰,证实了其均一性。它在pH 5.0 - 9.5范围内稳定,在高温下热稳定,这增加了其在极端环境中应用的可能性。对 spp.的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MFC)在128 µg/mL及更低范围内。它使细胞内铁积累增加了3.2 - 4.2倍(通过原子吸收光谱法判断),随后细胞内抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)增加。此外,由于细胞脂质过氧化导致的丙二醛(MDA)浓度在 和 中分别增加到3.8倍和7.3倍。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)证实,在暴露于铁载体后,细胞出现粗糙、畸形以及产生防御性胞外多糖和/或蛋白质等形式的损伤。总之,这种抗念珠菌铁载体可能是一种有前景的生物防治、无污染的抗水生病原体和皮肤病原体的制剂。它通过铁死亡和铁的超积累介导间接杀死 spp.,而不是直接攻击细胞靶点,从而触发抗氧化酶的激活。
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