叶片提取物的体外抗念珠菌活性及气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）筛选

In vitro anticandidal activity and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) screening of leaf extracts.

作者信息

Ababutain Ibtisam Mohammed, Alghamdi Azzah Ibrahim

机构信息

Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

出版信息

PeerJ. 2021 Jan 4;9:e10561. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10561. eCollection 2021.

DOI:10.7717/peerj.10561

PMID:33505793

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7789864/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Candida infections are becoming more drug resistant; it is necessary to search for alternative medications to treat them. Therefore, the present study estimates the anticandidal activity of (VA-C) leaf extracts.

METHODS

We used the agar well diffusion method to assess the anticandidal activity of three different VA-C leaf extracts (ethanol, methanol, and water) against three species (, , and ). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was estimated using the two-fold dilution method and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined using the classic pour plate technique. The MFC/MIC ratio was calculated to estimate the microbicidal or microbiostatic activity. A gas chromatography mass spectrometer was used to screen the phytochemicals of the VA-C leaf extracts (ethanol, methanol, and water).

RESULTS

All VA-C extracts ethanol, methanol, and water were significantly inhibited the growth of the test species and the inhibition activity depended on the solvent used and the species. The results showed that was the most highly inhibited by all extracts followed by and . The MIC values were 12.5-25 µg/ml, and MFC values were 25-100 µg/ml. The ratios of MFC/MIC were two-fold to four-fold which was considered candidacidal activity. Ninety-five phytochemical compounds were identified by the GC-MS assay for the VA-C leaf extracts. The total number of compounds per extract differed. Methanol had 43 compounds, ethanol had 47 compounds, and water had 52 compounds. The highest compound concentrations were: 4,5-Dichloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one in ethanol and methanol, 1H-Indene, 2,3-dihydro-1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl in ethanol, Isobutyl 4-hydroxybenzoate in methanol, and Benzoic acid and 4-hydroxy- in water. These phytochemical compounds belong to different bioactive chemical group such as polyphenols, fatty acids, terpenes, terpenoids, steroids, aldehydes, alcohols, and esters, and most of which have anticandidal activity.

CONCLUSIONS

VA-C leaf extracts may be useful alternatives to anticandidal drugs, based on their effectiveness against all test species at low concentrations. However, appropriate toxicology screening should be conducted before use.

摘要

背景

念珠菌感染的耐药性日益增强，因此有必要寻找替代药物来治疗。所以，本研究评估了（VA-C）叶提取物的抗念珠菌活性。

方法

我们采用琼脂孔扩散法评估三种不同的VA-C叶提取物（乙醇、甲醇和水）对三种念珠菌属（白色念珠菌、热带念珠菌和光滑念珠菌）的抗念珠菌活性。使用两倍稀释法估算最低抑菌浓度（MIC），并使用经典倾注平板技术测定最低杀菌浓度（MFC）。计算MFC/MIC比值以评估杀菌或抑菌活性。使用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪筛选VA-C叶提取物（乙醇、甲醇和水）中的植物化学物质。

结果

所有VA-C提取物（乙醇、甲醇和水）均显著抑制受试念珠菌属的生长，且抑制活性取决于所用溶剂和念珠菌属种类。结果表明，白色念珠菌受所有提取物的抑制作用最强，其次是热带念珠菌和光滑念珠菌。MIC值为12.5 - 25μg/ml，MFC值为25 - 100μg/ml。MFC/MIC比值为两倍至四倍，被认为具有杀念珠菌活性。通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用分析鉴定出VA-C叶提取物中的95种植物化学化合物。每种提取物的化合物总数不同。甲醇中有化合物43种，乙醇中有47种，水中有52种。化合物浓度最高的分别是：乙醇和甲醇中的4,5 - 二氯 - 1,3 - 二氧戊环 - 2 - 酮，乙醇中的1H-茚，2,3 - 二氢 - 1,1,2,3,3 - 五甲基，甲醇中的异丁基4 - 羟基苯甲酸，以及水中的苯甲酸和4 - 羟基。这些植物化学化合物属于不同的生物活性化学类别，如多酚类、脂肪酸、萜类、萜类化合物、甾体类、醛类、醇类和酯类，其中大多数具有抗念珠菌活性。