Rhainds Marc
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Centre, P.O. Box 4000, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada.
Insects. 2024 Apr 12;15(4):267. doi: 10.3390/insects15040267.
The management of Lepidopteran pests with light traps () is often achieved by luring adults to death at light sources (light trap-based mass trapping, or ). Large-scale programs against agricultural pests initiated in the late 1920s in the United States were phased out in the 1970s, coinciding with the rise of pheromone-based management research. The interest in has surged in recent years with the advent of light emitting diodes, solar power sources, and intelligent design. The first step in implementing is to identify a trapping design that maximizes the capture of target pests and minimizes the capture of non-target beneficial insects-with a cautionary note that high captures in are not equivalent to the feasibility of mass trapping: the ultimate objective of is to protect crop plants from pest damage, not to trap adults. The captures of egg-carrying females in light traps have a greater impact on the efficiency of than the captures of males. When is defined as a harvesting procedure, the biomass of females in may be viewed as the best estimator of the mass trapping yield; biomass proxy has universal application in as every living organism can be defined on a per weight basis. While research has largely focused on agricultural pests, an attempt is made here to conceptualize as a pest management strategy in forest ecosystems, using spruce budworm as a case study. The mass trapping of female budworms is impossible to achieve in endemic populations due to the large spatial scale of forest landscapes (implying the deployment of a prohibitively large number of LTs); in addition, ovipositing female budworms do not respond to light sources at a low density of conspecifics. The light-based mass trapping of female budworms may provide a realistic management option for geographically isolated forest stands heavily infested with budworms, as a tool to prevent tree mortality. Somehow unexpectedly, however, one factor obscuring the feasibility of is as follows: the complex ('unknowable') economic valuation of forest stands as opposed to agricultural landscapes.
利用诱虫灯防治鳞翅目害虫通常是通过将成虫引诱到光源处致死（基于诱虫灯的大量诱捕）来实现的。美国20世纪20年代末启动的针对农业害虫的大规模项目在70年代逐步淘汰，恰逢基于信息素的管理研究兴起。近年来，随着发光二极管、太阳能电源和智能设计的出现，人们对诱虫灯的兴趣激增。实施诱虫灯防治的第一步是确定一种诱捕设计，该设计能最大限度地捕获目标害虫，同时将非目标有益昆虫的捕获量降至最低——需要注意的是，诱虫灯中的高捕获量并不等同于大量诱捕的可行性：诱虫灯防治的最终目标是保护作物免受害虫侵害，而不是诱捕成虫。诱虫灯中携带卵的雌虫捕获量对诱虫灯防治效率的影响比雄虫捕获量更大。当诱虫灯防治被定义为一种收获程序时，诱虫灯中雌虫的生物量可被视为大量诱捕产量的最佳估计值；生物量替代指标在诱虫灯防治中具有普遍适用性，因为每个生物体都可以按重量来定义。虽然研究主要集中在农业害虫上，但本文试图以云杉芽虫为例，将诱虫灯防治概念化为森林生态系统中的一种害虫管理策略。由于森林景观空间尺度大（这意味着要部署数量多得令人望而却步的诱虫灯），在地方性种群中不可能实现对雌芽虫的大量诱捕；此外，在同种个体密度较低时，产卵雌芽虫对光源没有反应。对受芽虫严重侵害的地理隔离林分而言，基于灯光的雌芽虫大量诱捕可能提供一种切实可行的管理选择，作为防止树木死亡的一种手段。然而，不知为何出乎意料的是，一个阻碍诱虫灯防治可行性的因素如下：与农业景观相比，森林林分的复杂（“不可知”）经济价值评估。
