McLean Chad, Lavender Andrew P, Pereira Ethan, Peek Kerry, Davey Paul, Ma'ayah Fadi, Morris Susan, Georgieva Julia
Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia.
Sports (Basel). 2024 Apr 2;12(4):102. doi: 10.3390/sports12040102.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the acute effects of ball pressure on anticipation timing following a series of purposeful headers in adult football (soccer) players. There is evidence to suggest acute neurophysiological changes to the brain following purposeful heading; this may lead to altered anticipation timing as a result, potentially having future safety implications for players. A repeated measures crossover design was used. Seventeen participants aged between 20 and 30 years performed (i) 20 rotational headers with a lower-pressure match ball (58.6 kPa; 8.5 psi), (ii) 20 rotational headers with a higher-pressure match ball (103.4 kPa; 15 psi), or (iii) 20 non-headers (kicks) as a control each on separate days. The effect of ball pressure on anticipation timing accuracy, measured as absolute, constant, and variable errors, was assessed before and immediately after each intervention session using an anticipation timing task. Differences between group means were compared using repeated measures ANOVA and linear mixed effects models, with -values of <0.05 considered statistically significant. No significant differences in anticipation timing accuracy across interventions were detected between control, occluded, and non-occluded trials. This finding differs from the previous literature regarding the measurable, acute effects of purposeful heading. The anticipation timing task may lack sensitivity for detecting the effects of repeated heading on brain function.
本研究的目的是调查在成年足球运动员进行一系列有目的的头球动作后，球压对预期时机的急性影响。有证据表明，有目的的头球动作后大脑会发生急性神经生理变化；这可能会导致预期时机改变，进而可能对球员未来的安全产生影响。本研究采用重复测量交叉设计。17名年龄在20至30岁之间的参与者分别在不同日期进行了以下操作：(i)用低压比赛用球（58.6千帕；8.5磅力/平方英寸）进行20次旋转头球；(ii)用高压比赛用球（103.4千帕；15磅力/平方英寸）进行20次旋转头球；或(iii)作为对照进行20次非头球动作（踢球）。在每次干预训练前和训练后立即使用预期时机任务评估球压对预期时机准确性的影响，预期时机准确性以绝对误差、恒定误差和可变误差来衡量。使用重复测量方差分析和线性混合效应模型比较组均值之间的差异，P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。在对照试验、遮挡试验和非遮挡试验之间，未检测到各干预措施在预期时机准确性方面的显著差异。这一发现与之前关于有目的头球动作的可测量急性影响的文献不同。预期时机任务可能缺乏检测重复头球动作对脑功能影响的敏感性。
