Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skarbowa 1, 31-121, Krakow, Poland.
Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, 5th Military Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2024 Apr 26;14(1):9588. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-59078-4.
Long-term exposures to environmental factors including airborne as well as noise pollutants, are associated with cardiovascular risk. However, the influence of environmental pollution on the young population is controversial. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the relationships between long-term exposures to different environmental factors and major cardiovascular and inflammatory parameters and biomarkers in young, healthy subjects. Representative sample of permanent residents of two cities differing in air and noise pollution levels, aged 15-21 years, were recruited. Krakow and Lublin, both located in southern Poland, were chosen in relation to their similarities in demographic and geopolitical characteristics, but differences in air pollution (higher in Krakow) and noise parameters (higher in Lublin). A total of 576 subjects were studied: 292 in Krakow and 284 in Lublin. All subjects underwent health questionnaire, blood pressure measurements and biomarker determinations. Inflammatory biomarkers, such as CRP, hs-CRP, fibrinogen as well as homocysteine were all significantly higher in subjects living in Krakow as opposed to subjects living in Lublin (for hsCRP: 0.52 (0.32-0.98) mg/l vs. 0.35 (0.22-0.67) mg/l; p < 0.001). Increased inflammatory biomarker levels were observed in Krakow in both male and female young adults. Interestingly, significant differences were observed in blood pressure between male and female subjects. Males from Krakow had significantly higher mean systolic blood pressure (127.7 ± 10.4 mm/Hg vs. 122.4 ± 13.0 mm/Hg; p = 0.001), pulse pressure (58.7 ± 8.9 mm/Hg vs. 51.4 ± 12.3 mm/Hg; p < 0.001) and lower heart rate (p < 0.001) as compared to males living in Lublin. This was not observed in young adult females. Long-term exposure to environmental factors related to the place of residence can significantly influence inflammatory and cardiovascular parameters, even in young individuals. Interestingly, among otherwise healthy young adults, blood pressure differences exhibited significant variations based on biological sex.
长期暴露于环境因素，包括空气传播和噪声污染物，与心血管风险相关。然而，环境污染对年轻人群的影响存在争议。因此，我们旨在研究长期暴露于不同环境因素与年轻健康个体的主要心血管和炎症参数及生物标志物之间的关系。我们招募了来自两个城市的常住居民作为代表性样本，这些城市在空气污染和噪声水平方面存在差异，年龄在 15-21 岁之间。选择波兰南部的克拉科夫和卢布林这两个城市，是因为它们在人口统计学和地缘政治特征方面相似，但空气污染（克拉科夫较高）和噪声参数（卢布林较高）存在差异。共有 576 名受试者参与了研究：292 名来自克拉科夫，284 名来自卢布林。所有受试者均接受了健康问卷调查、血压测量和生物标志物测定。与居住在卢布林的受试者相比，居住在克拉科夫的受试者的炎症生物标志物（如 CRP、hs-CRP、纤维蛋白原和同型半胱氨酸）均显著升高（hs-CRP：0.52（0.32-0.98）mg/L 比 0.35（0.22-0.67）mg/L；p<0.001）。在克拉科夫，男性和女性年轻成年人中均观察到炎症生物标志物水平升高。有趣的是，在血压方面，男性和女性受试者之间存在显著差异。克拉科夫的男性受试者的平均收缩压（127.7±10.4mm/Hg 比 122.4±13.0mm/Hg；p=0.001）、脉压（58.7±8.9mm/Hg 比 51.4±12.3mm/Hg；p<0.001）和心率（p<0.001）均显著更高，而居住在卢布林的男性则没有。这在年轻女性中并未观察到。长期暴露于与居住地相关的环境因素会显著影响炎症和心血管参数，即使在年轻个体中也是如此。有趣的是，在其他方面健康的年轻成年人中，血压差异基于生物性别存在显著变化。
