Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cyncoed Campus, Cyncoed Road, Cardiff, CF23 6XD, UK.
Sport Performance Research Institute, New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.
Sports Med. 2024 Jul;54(7):1851-1876. doi: 10.1007/s40279-024-02022-3. Epub 2024 Apr 26.
Female athletes are four to six times more likely to sustain an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than male athletes. Jump-landing biomechanics are influenced by maturation, with post-pubertal female athletes at a heightened risk of ACL injuries.
The aim of our systematic review was to identify and summarise the current evidence regarding the changes in kinematic and kinetic risk factors associated with ACL injuries during jump-landing tasks in female athletes at various stages of maturity.
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE and Scopus. Articles were included if they: (1) conducted the research on uninjured female athletes with no restriction on playing level/experience; (2) provided information regarding the stage of the maturity and the scale used for estimating the maturity status of the participants; and (3) reported a biomechanical risk factor associated with ACL injuries during jump-landing tasks across at least two different maturity groups (e.g. pre-pubertal vs post-pubertal).
Sixteen articles involving 2323 female athletes were included in our review. A total of 12 kinematic and 8 kinetic variables were identified across these studies. Of the 12 kinematic variables reported in our review, we found strong evidence for higher peak knee abduction angle in post-pubertal female individuals compared with pre-pubertal girls (p < 0.05). With regard to the 8 kinetic variables, we found strong evidence for lower relative peak vertical ground reaction force, higher external knee abduction moment and internal rotation moment in post-pubertal compared with pre-pubertal athletes. The strength of evidence for the remaining kinematic and kinetic variables ranged from conflicting to moderate and, in some instances, could not be determined.
Our study provides an overview of the changes in biomechanical risk factors in female athletes during jump-landing tasks at various stages of maturity. We found moderate-to-limited evidence for most kinematic and kinetic variables, highlighting the need for further research.
女性运动员发生前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤的可能性比男性运动员高 4 至 6 倍。跳跃着地的生物力学受成熟度影响，青春期后女性运动员 ACL 损伤的风险增加。
本系统评价的目的是确定和总结目前关于在不同成熟阶段的女性运动员跳跃着地任务中与 ACL 损伤相关的运动学和动力学风险因素变化的证据。
在 PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、SPORTDiscus、EMBASE 和 Scopus 中进行系统检索。如果文章符合以下标准，则纳入：(1) 针对未受伤的女性运动员进行研究，且对运动员的运动水平/经验无限制；(2) 提供有关成熟阶段和用于估计参与者成熟状态的量表的信息；(3) 报告与 ACL 损伤相关的生物力学风险因素，且这些风险因素是在至少两个不同的成熟组（例如青春期前与青春期后）中跳跃着地任务中得出的。
本综述共纳入了 16 篇涉及 2323 名女性运动员的文章。这些研究共确定了 12 个运动学和 8 个动力学变量。在我们的综述中报告的 12 个运动学变量中，我们发现青春期后女性个体的峰值膝关节外展角度明显高于青春期前女孩（p < 0.05）。关于 8 个动力学变量，我们发现青春期后女性运动员的相对峰值垂直地面反作用力较低，膝关节外展力矩和内旋力矩较高。对于其余运动学和动力学变量，证据强度从相互矛盾到中等不等，在某些情况下无法确定。
本研究提供了在不同成熟阶段的女性运动员跳跃着地任务中生物力学风险因素变化的概述。我们发现大多数运动学和动力学变量的证据为中等至有限，这突出了进一步研究的必要性。
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